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Chapter 20
Chapter 20 TestNotes
36
History
8th Grade
03/01/2011

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Term
Lewis Latimer
Definition
African American inventor who played a key role in improving pratical electrical lighting. He was employed by Thomas Edison as an assistant.
Term
Thomas Edison
Definition
Inventor of the electric lighbulb and many other devices
Term
Alexander Graham Bell
Definition
Inventor of the telephone
Term
John D. Rockfeller
Definition
Founder of the Standard Oil Trust. He was known as a robber baron, and the head of a monopoly.
Term
John D. Rockfeller
Definition
Founder of the Standard Oil Trust. He was known as a robber baron, and the head of a monopoly.
Term
robber baron
Definition
a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
Term
Andrew Carnegie
Definition
built the US Steel industry by making the best and cheapest product.
Term
The Gilded Age
Definition
Late 1800s era of fabulous wealth.
Term
patent
Definition
governemnt documents giving an inventor the exclusive right to make and sell an invention for a specific number of years
Term
corporation
Definition
a business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock.
Term
Monopoly
Definition
a business that gains control of an industry by eliminating other competitors
Term
trust
Definition
a legal body created to hold stock in many companies often within an industry
Term
busiiness cycle
Definition
the pattern of good and bad economic times
Term
shareholder
Definition
an investor who buys part of a company through shares of stock
Term
depression
Definition
a period of low economic activity
Term
Ellis Island
Definition
New York Harbor immigration station for European immigrants
Term
Angel Island
Definition
San Francisco Bay immigration station for Asian immigrants
Term
melting pot
Definition
a place where cultures blend
Term
assimilation
Definition
Process of blending into society by adopting the dominant culture
Term
Chinese Exclusion Act
Definition
1882 law which banned Chinese immigration
Term
Jane Addams
Definition
urban reformer and suffrage leader who founded Hull House
Term
Hull Hiyse
Definition
settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago
Term
social gospel movement
Definition
reforms based on Christian values
Term
Tammany Hall
Definition
New York political machine
Term
urbanization
Definition
growth of cities resulting from industrialization
Term
sweatshop
Definition
Place where workers labor long hours under poor conditions for low wages
Term
tenements
Definition
run-down and overcrowded apartment houses
Term
slum
Definition
neighborhood with overcrowded and dangerous housing
Term
political
Definition
Term
slum
Definition
neighborhood with overcrowded and dangerous housing
Term
political machine
Definition
organization that controls a local government
Term
Jim Crow
Definition
laws enacted in Southern states designed to separate white and black people
Term
segregation
Definition
The separation of races
Term
Ida B. Wells
Definition
African-American journalist who led the fight against lynching
Term
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Definition
1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of segregation
Term
Booker T. Washington
Definition
African-American leader who did not believe in challenging segregation
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