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| The U.S. saw itself as a world keeper of Democracy. Their foreign policy changed greatly in the late 1800s. |
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| The U.S. becomes very aggressive. The Americans see themselves as a force for transforming other countries. They impose their ideas on other countries. |
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| He was President Lincoln's secretary of state. He pushed for U.S. expansion. His goal was from markets, raw materials, and trade. He purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 for 7.2 million dollars. |
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| Expansion started with Manifest Destiny. In the 1850s they started to look outside the continent. Asia and the Caribbean will be the first areas looked at. Alaska will be purchased from Russia in 1867. U.S. also took the Midway Islands. |
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| The U.S. is producing more goods than it needs. They no longer isolated themselves and they saw a lot of profit in Asia and Latin countries. They also needed a navy. Overproduction had led to low prices, unemployment, and unrest. The U.S. was now number one in farming and manufacturing. |
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| The U.S. wants to be a competitive world power. The nation has roles in expansion. See this as a part of national glory and greatness. The U.S. becomes not only economically interested, but also territorial and politically interested. Largest supporter was Alfred Thayer Mahan who said that naval power would lead to world expansion. |
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| He was a big supporter in the Manifest Destiny. He also wanted the U.S. to expand over seas. Thought that sea power would require the United States to acquire defensive bases in the Caribbean and Pacific as well as take possession of Hawaii. |
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| U.S. feels a need to see the progress of civilization, so they will rationalize exploitation and oppression of weaker people. Must spread political liberty. Felt that people should be white, Protestant, English speaking, and Democratic. U.S. must accept the "White Mans Burden" to help others. China becomes the first number one target. They see very little success in this. |
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| Politics played a large part in manipulating the public. What the people think is very important at this time. They see moral, economic, and nationalism all interwoven. Often see this as a way to win votes by reestablishing national pride. Newspapers are thriving at this time. These papers will help spread public opinion. All of these things will lead to the Spanish-American war and the annexing of the Philippines. |
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| Cuba is ninety miles from Florida, so the U.S. tries to annex it from Spain. The Cubans were seeking independence from Spain from 1868-1878. |
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In 1895 the Cubans revolt. Spain sent General "Butcher" Weyler along with 50,000 troops. Cubans will be rounded up and sent to "reconstruction camps." The U.S. is upset for two reasons:
1. They are the defender of the weak.
2. Financial concerns.
There will be a call for war, but McKinley says no. Two events lead to the war:
1. DeLome letter- a Spanish minister to the U.S. call McKinley a hypocritical politician.
2. U.S. battleship, USS Maine, is blown up in Havana harbor. The boat was there to protect citizens, but 262 men died. On April 11th, 1898 Congress recognized Cuba as an independent country. They also have a declaration of war. Congress also passes the Teller Amendment that stated that Cubans may have their independence. |
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| Spanish American war was short and relatively easy. Two men were killed in naval battles and one of them died from stroke. In all only 385 men died from bullets and 5,000 died from diseases. U.S. easily took Guam, and Puerto Rico. The war was very good for Teddy Roosevelt, as he became a national hero. This will help his political career, as he and his "Rough Riders" were the heroes of Kettle Hill. |
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| Was a general in the Spanish-American War and that is how he gained popularity. He became president and was liked by many. He thought the U.S. should stay quiet, but at the same time have a strong navy. |
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| Admiral Dewey destroyed a fleet in Manila Bay. The U.S. annexed 7,000 Philippine islands. The Treaty of Paris gives the U.S. the Philippines for 20 million dollars The U.S. will view the Filipinos as an inferior race that needed guidance. U.S. and Filipino war causes heavy casualties for both sides. U.S. was very hypocritical because they ruled just as the Spanish had. |
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| The U.S. didn't know what to do with their territories. They appointed a Governor and a judicial official to each new place. The people of the U.S. thought all of this was just great and the support for Roosevelt grew very high. |
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| Roosevelt, Darwinism, and Foreign Countries |
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| Roosevelt was very active in the foreign affairs. Life was a constant struggle. Roosevelt said, "prepare for war, but promote peace." The U.S. thought that they had racial superiority and the burden was theirs to spread it. Roosevelt will take foreign policy very personally. He handles most of it himself and sets patterns for future presidents. |
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There were three problems before they built the Panama Canal:
1. In 1850 the treaty was with Great Britain and by 1901 it was with the U.S. only.
2. Where to build. Panama was short, but rugged. France had started one, but gave up.
3. Panama was a province of Colombia and they can't negotiate with the U.S. |
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| Controlling the Caribbean |
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| Roosevelt took the Monroe Doctrine seriously. The U.S. will supervise Cuba. They got the Platt Amendment passed, which will allow economic rights to Cuba. They also got Guantanamo Bay as a military base. U.S. constantly watched to protect the sugar rights. U.S. will follow the same pattern in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Roosevelt says the U.S. needs "strong, orderly, and prosperous neighbors." Roosevelt will issue the Roosevelt Corollary, which states that the U.S. can intervene to protect their own interest. |
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| The U.S. saw China as a place for unlimited resources. They declared an open door policy with China. The U.S. saw itself as a protector of China. There was very little success and it didn't help out in the long term. |
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| The Japanese immigration was on the rise and they are met with hostility from U.S. citizens. In 1904 the Russians and Japanese fought over Manchuria. The U.S. stepped in to support Russia fearing Japanese influence in the area. Roosevelt will help bring about the peace. Japan comes out strong in Manchuria in exchange for the Philippines. Japan was upset and it caused tension. The U.S. sends its new navy out on tour and stopped by Japan. For the time being the balance of power is maintained. |
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