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| repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence |
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| brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art |
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| a comparison between two different things in order to highlight some point of similarity |
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| the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses; repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or line |
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| repetition of the same sound in words close to each other |
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| “doubling back”; the rhetorical repetition of one or several words; specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next |
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| transposition of normal word order; most often found in Latin in the case of prepositions and the words they control; a form of hyperbaton |
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| the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast; repetition of words in reverse order |
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| parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas; opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction |
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| the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language; old-fashioned or outdated choice of words |
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| omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words |
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| two corresponding pairs arranged not in parallels (a-b-a-b) but in inverted order (a-b-b-a); from shape of the Greek letter chi (X) |
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| arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of ascending power; often the last emphatic word in one phrase or clause is repeated as the first emphatic word of the next |
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| an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail; sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds and adds on |
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| urging, or strongly encouraging; sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action |
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| exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis |
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| understatement, for intensification, by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed (sometimes used synonymously with meiosis) |
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| a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison; figure of speech that says one thing is another in order to explain by comparison |
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| substitution of one word for another which it suggests |
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| use of words to imitate natural sounds; accommodation of sound to sense |
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| a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms; paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another |
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| an assertion seemingly opposed to common sense, but that may yet have some truth in it |
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| the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns; similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses |
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| a sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause; sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end |
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| assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects; attribution of lifelike quality to an inanimate object or idea |
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| the repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinate words, phrases, or clauses |
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| A play on words, either on different senses of the same word or on the similar sense or sound of different words |
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| a figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things |
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| understanding one thing with another; the use of a part for the whole, or the whole for the part (A form of metonymy) |
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| a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs – often in different, sometimes incongruent ways – two or more words in a sentence; use of two different words in a grammatically similar way but producing different, often incongruous meanings |
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| expression of something which is contrary to the intended meaning; the words say one thing but mean another |
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