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| Franz Gall; theory that bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits |
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| branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior |
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| dendrite (d..d..dendrites listen) |
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| receive messages from other cells |
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| send messages away from cell and to other neurons |
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| covers the axon and helps with speed of neural impulses; if damaged-MS |
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| action potential (salt and bananas) |
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| electrical charge that travels down an axon; sodium ions (+) flow into cell and potassium ions (-) flow out |
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| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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| area between axon tip and dendrite; synaptic gap is where serotonin and norepinephrine party |
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| Name 7 major neurotransmitters (SAND EGG) |
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| serotonin, acetylcholine (ACH), norepinephrine, dopamine, endorphins, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate |
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| muscle action, learning, and memory; in Alzheimer's ACH neurons deteriorate |
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| movement, learning, attention, and emotion; too much=Schizophrenia, too low=tardive dyskinesia, tremors, and Parkinsion's |
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| affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal; low=depression |
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| controls alertness and arousal; low=depress moods |
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| gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
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| inhibitory (pushing the brakes); low=seizures, tremors, and insomnia |
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| excitatory (pushing the gas), memory; too high=migraines or seizures |
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| body's communication network; consisting of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
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| central nervous system (CNS) |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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| sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
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| neural cables containing many axons |
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| neurons that carry info from receptors to the CNS |
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| neurons that carry messages away from the CNS and to muscles/glands |
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| CNS neurons that process between sensory input and motor output |
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| PNS; controls body's skeletal muscles, AKA skeletal nervous system |
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| autonomic nervous system (automatic) |
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| PNS; controls hearts and other internal organs |
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| sympathetic nervous system (let's get fired up) |
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Definition
| ANS; fire's you up/arousal |
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| parasympathetic (paramedics calm you down) |
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| automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus |
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| interconnected neural cells |
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| body's slow chemical communication system; set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
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| chemical messengers manufactured in the endocrine glands |
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| endocrine glands; secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) |
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| endocrine glands; hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
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| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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| generates images of the brain (anatomy) |
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| brainstem (the brain basement) |
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| the oldest part and central core of the brain |
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| medulla (breath in and make heart beat sound) |
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Definition
| base of the brainstem; controls heart beat and breathing |
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| reticular formation (WAKE UP) |
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Definition
| nerve network in the brainstem that controls arousal |
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| thalamus (Thal works at the airpot and directs all senses except SMELL) |
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Definition
| located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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| cerebellum (sara balance/implicit memory) |
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| attached to the rear of the brainstem; processes sensory input and coordination movement output and balance |
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| a donut shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem; associated with emotions such as fear/aggression and drives such as food/sex; includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus |
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| neural clusters that are components of the limbic system; linked with emotion such as aggression and fear |
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| food (lateral=lots of hunger, ventromedial=full), fight, flight, and reproduction; controls the endocrine system |
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| neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center |
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| cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons |
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| what parts make up the brain? (foolish monkeys smoke pot) |
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| frontal lobe, motor cortex, sensory cortex, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe |
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| gives you awareness of your surroundings; helps with decision making and problem solving |
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| occipital lobe (i CC you) |
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| areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; involved in higher mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
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| impairment of language caused by damage to the left hemisphere/Broca's area/Wernicke's area |
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| Broca's area (my mouth is broken) |
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Definition
| located in the left hemisphere of the frontal lobe; directs the muscle movement involved in speech |
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| controls our understanding of language |
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| what is the left lobe associated with? (L) |
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| the brain's capacity for modification |
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| neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
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