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| The use of connected ditches, canals, dams, and dikes to move water to dry areas. |
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| The oldest kind of writing that we know of,it was first used by the Sumerians around 3000 BC. It was written on clay with a tool made from a reed called a stylus. Cuneiform is a wedge-shaped character made with a reed stylus and were used in writing several ancient languages. |
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| A huge mud-brick temple built by the ancient Sumerians. |
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| A channel dug in the earth to carry water. |
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| The domestication of plants and animals. |
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| Physical or mental effort especially when hard or required. The services performed by workers for wages. |
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| Warrior who founded the Akkadian Empire and so became first ruler of an empire in the Fertile Crescent. |
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| Prophet and lawgiver who, according to the Bible, let the Israelites out of Egyptian captivity and received the Ten Commandments. |
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| The system of government in which a king or queen rules. |
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| A river in southwestern Asia; begins in eastern Turkey and joins the Euphrates River. |
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| The spread of ideas from one place to others. |
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| A group of Semitic people living on the coast of Syria in ancient times at the east end of the Mediterranean Sea. |
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| An ancient land in southwestern Asia; located between Tigris and Euphrates rivers. |
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| A river that begins in Turkey, flows through Syria, and Iraq, and empties into the Persian Gulf. |
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| A city and its surrounding farmlands, with its own leaders and government. |
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