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| Who proposed the atomic theory? |
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| Who laid the experimental foundation of modern chemistry? |
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| What do Dalton's atomic theory explain? |
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| Atom, element, compound, and chemical reaction |
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| one- or two-letter notation used to represent an atom corresponding to a particular element |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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| (Dalton) When two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element in these compounds for a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers |
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| atom's central core that is positively charged and contains most of the atom's mass |
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| a very light, negatively charged particle and exists in the region around the atom's positively charged nucleus |
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| what is the unit of electric charge that is abbreviated C |
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| What was Rutherford's contribution to chemistry? |
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| He discovered the nuclear model of the atom and found that most of the mass of the atom (99.95% or more) is concentrated in the nucleus, around which electrons move |
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| nuclear particle having a positive charge equal to that of the electron |
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| abbreviated (Z); the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number |
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| nuclear particle having a mass almost identical to that of the proton |
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| abbreviated (A); total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
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| an atom characterized by a definite atomic number and mass number |
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| atoms whose nuclei have the same atomic number but different mass number; same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons |
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| Why are most atomic decimals on the periodic table expressed in decimals? |
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| They're the average atomic masses of the isotopes of that element |
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| mass spectrometer measures... |
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| mass unit equal to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
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| average atomic mass for the naturally occurring element expressed in atomic mass units |
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| fractional abundance of an isotope |
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| the fraction of the total number of atoms that is composed of a particular isotope |
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| a systematic arrangement of elements in rows and columns, highlighting the regular repetition of properties of the elements |
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| elements in one horizontal row of the periodic table |
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| elements in any one column of the periodic table |
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| Group IA of the period table is called... |
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| alkali metals, soft metals and that react easily with water |
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| Group VIIA of the periodic table is called... |
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| substance or mixture that is a good conductor of heat and electricity (except for mercury) |
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| element that does not exhibit the characteristics of a metal; most nonmetals are gases (bromine is the only liquid nonmetal) |
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| element having both metallic and nonmetallic properties; semiconductors |
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| notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in the substance (ex. H2O) |
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| a definite group of atoms that are chemically bonded together |
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| gives exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule |
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| very large molecules that are made up of smaller molecules repeatedly linked together |
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| small molecules that are linked together to form polymers |
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| an electrically charged particle |
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| molecular substances that contain carbon |
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| compounds with hydrogen and carbon |
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| s a reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions |
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| systematic naming of chemical compounds |
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| composed of elements other than carbon |
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| ion that consists of oxygen and another element (can be recognized by suffix -ate or -ite) |
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| a compounds composed of only two elements |
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| an acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element |
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| a compounds that contains water molecules weakly bound in its crystals |
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| symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in terms of chemical formulas |
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| starting substance in a chemical reaction |
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| substance that results from a reaction |
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| sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule of the substance |
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| sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a formula unit |
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| quantity of a given substance that contains as many molecules or formula units of atoms in 12g of carbon-12 |
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| number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12 (6.02x10^23) |
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| the mass of one mole of a substance |
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| the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction |
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| the reactant that is entirely consumed when a reaction goes to completion |
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| maximum amount of a product that can be obtained by a reaction from a given amounts of reactants |
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