A pictorial technique for simulating on a flat, two-dimensional surface, or in a shallow space, the three-dimensional characteristics of volumetric forms and deep space.

Stonehenge

England

Ziggurat

Mesopotamian

Something conforming to a fixed or general pattern.

Ishtar Gate

Mesopotamian

(Babylonian)

Sphinx

Egyptian

A process of painting on wet or dry plaster wherein the pigments are mixed with water and become one with the plaster; a medium perfected during the Italian Renaissance.

In the pictorial art and sculpture, the casual representation of everyday life and surroundings. Also a type, style, or category of art.

Acropolis

Hellenic

Parthenon

Elgin Marbles/Parthenon Marbles

Hellenic

  Usually the font of a building; also the other sides when they are emphasized architecturally.

An emphasis in art and thought on individual creativity and capability.

Perfect forms that exclude blemishes and shortcomings in representing the human figure. 

The belief that reason is the source for human understanding of the world. 

A plane that exists three-dimensionally as a projection from a background. Also sculpture that is not freestanding but projects from a surface of which it is a part. When the projection is relatively slight, it is called bas-relief or low relief; when the projection is very pronounced, it is called high relief. 

 Greek for “imitation,” as in the imitation of nature.

 A universal pattern or model.

The central portion of the entablature between the architrave and the cornice; any horizontal decorative or sculptural band.

Altar of Zeus

Hellenistic

Laocoon Group

Hellenistic

A belief in the rights and responsibilities of the individual human being.

A midnineteeth-century style of painting and scuplture based on the belief that the subject matter of art and the methods of representation should be true to life without stylization or idealization.

Based on experiments, observation, and practical experience without regard to theoretical conjecture.