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Chapter 1 and 2 Chem Study
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44
Chemistry
11th Grade
09/22/2012

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Term
experiment
Definition
an observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained
Term
Law
Definition
a concese statement or mathematical equation avout a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a tentative explanation of some regularity of nature
Term
theory
Definition
tested explanation of basic natural phenomena
Term
Matter
Definition
whatever occupies space and can be perceived by our senses
Term
Law of conservation of Mass
Definition
the total mass remains constant during a chemical change (chemical reaction)
Term
Solid
Definition
the form of matter characterized by rigidity
Term
liquid
Definition
the form of matter that is a relatively incompressible fluid
Term
gas
Definition
the form of matter that is an easily compressible fluid
Term
states of matter
Definition
solid, liquid, gas
Term
physical change
Definition
a change in the form of matter but not in tis chemical identity
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into new matter or several new kinds of matter
Term
physical property
Definition
a characteristic that can be observed for a material without changing its chemical identity
Term
chemical property
Definition
a characteristic of a material involving its chemical change
Term
substance
Definition
a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process
Term
element
Definition
a substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances
Term
compounds
Definition
a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined.
Term
law of definite proportions (law of constant composition)
Definition
a pure compound whatever its source, always contains definite or constant proportions of the elements by mass
Term
Mixture
Definition
a material that can be separated by physical means into tow or more substances
Term
heterogeneous mixture
Definition
a mixture that consists of physically distinct parts each with different properties
Term
homogeneous mixture (solution)
Definition
a mixture that is uniform in its properties throughout given samples
Term
precision
Definition
refers to the closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quantity.
Term
Accuracy
Definition
the closeness of a single measurement to its true value
Term
Significant figures
Definition
those digits in a measured number (or result of a calculation with measured number0 that include all certain digits plus a final on having some uncertainty
Term
Number of sig figs
Definition
the nuber of digits reported for the value of a measured or calculated quantity, indicating the precision of a value
Term
Scientific Notation
Definition
the representation of a number in the form A x 10n where A is the number with a single nonzero digit to the left of the decimal point and n is an integer, or whole number.
Term
exact numbers
Definition
a number that arises when you count items or sometimes when you define a unit.
Term
Rounding
Definition
the procedure of dropping non-significant digits in a calculation result and adjusting the last digit reported
Term
International System
Definition
the SI units from which all others can be derived
Term
Si Prefix
Definition
a prefix used to indicate a power of ten
Term
Meter
Definition
the SI base unit for length
Term
Kilogram
Definition
the SI base unit of mass
Term
second
Definition
the SI base unit of time
Term
Celsius scale
Definition
the temperature scale in general scientific use.
Term
Kelvin
Definition
absolute temperature scale
Term
Liter
Definition
a unit of volume equal to a cubic meter
Term
density
Definition
mass per unit volume d=m/v
Term
Dimensional Analysis
Definition
the method of calculation in which one carries along the units for quantities
Term
conversion factor
Definition
a factor equal to 1 that converts a quantity expressed in one unit to a quantity expressed in another unit
Term
atomic theory
Definition
an explanation of the structure of matter in terms of different combination of very small particels
Term
atom
Definition
an extremely small particle of matter that retains its identity during a chemical reaction.
Term
element
Definition
a type of matter composed of only one kind of atom
Term
element
Definition
a type of matter composed of only one kind of atom
Term
compound
Definition
a type of matter composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
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