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Chapter 19 Study Guide
Test
24
Biology
9th Grade
02/16/2010

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Term
What is the basic shape of Bacillus?
Definition
Rod-shaped
Term

What is the basic shape of Cocci?

Definition
Spherical
Term

What is the basic shape of Spiralla?

Definition
Spiral
Term
Define Pathogen.
Definition
Disease causing agent
Term
Describe the environment of an obligate anaerobe.
Definition
They live in the absence of oxygen.
Term
What are key cellular differences that defines a cell as prokaryotic vs. a eukaryote.
Definition
A prokaryotic cell doesn't have a nucleus and a Eukaryotic cell does have a nucleus.
Term
Viruses are prevented from spreading when a ______ is developed for them.
Definition
Vaccine
Term
Define binary fission.
Definition
A type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing 2 identical daughter cell.
Term
Bacteria create/form _____ to help them survive harsh conditions.
Definition
spores
Term
Define virus.
Definition
PArticles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids.
Term
Define nitrogen fixation.
Definition
The process of converting nitrogen gas into a form plants can use.
Term
What type of viral infections cause the host cell to burst?
Definition
lytic infection
Term
What is the capsid on a virus?
Definition
Its protein coat
Term
Bacteria act as tiny recyclers by adding things back to the environment in the process of...
Definition
decomposition
Term
Archeabacteria that live in an oxygen free environment include...
Definition
 methanogens
Term
Explain what happens with bacteria during the process of conjugation.
Definition
A hollow bridge forms 2 bacterial cells.
Term
Bacteria that contain chlorophyll a belong in this group...
Definition
Photoautotrophs
Term
what were the methods of sterilization?
Definition
heating it up
Term
Define retrovirus.
Definition
A virus that contains RNA as its genetic information.
Term
Define prion.
Definition
An infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA
Term
A virus that infects bacteria is called a _______.
Definition
Bacteriophage 
Term
Define viroid.
Definition
A single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids.
Term
What are human uses of bacteria?
Definition
To digest petroleum, remove waste products and poison from water, mine minerals from the ground, and synthesize drugs.
Term
How do doctors treat bacterial infections?
Definition
antibiotics
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