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Chapter 18 Biology
18.1, 18.2, 18.3
19
Biology
9th Grade
01/05/2011

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Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
two-word naming system
Term
genus
Definition
a group of similar species
Term
systematics
Definition
the science of naming and grouping organisms
Term
taxa
Definition
groups of organisms in systematics
Term
family
Definition
third smallest rank group of similar genus
Term
order
Definition
closely related families
Term
class
Definition
similar orders
Term
phylum
Definition
grouped classes
Term
kingdom
Definition
the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories
Term
phylogeny
Definition
the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
Term
clade
Definition
evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants
Term
monophyletic group
Definition
group that consists of single ancestral species and all of its descendants and excludes any organisms that are not descended from that common ancestor
Term
cladogram
Definition
diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species
Term
derived character
Definition
a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants
Term
domain
Definition
a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom
Term
bacteria
Definition
domain of unicellular, prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom eubacteria
Term
archaea
Definition
domain consisting of unicellular, prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria
Term
eukarya
Definition
domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus; includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Term
Paraphyletic
Definition
the group that includes a common ancestor but excludes one or more groups of descendants
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