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Definition
DNA->RNA->sometimes stays RNA
sometimes goes protein |
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Definition
rRNA
protein
small/large sub units |
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| Ribosomes _____ an organelle |
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Definition
| ARE NOT; they are a molecule |
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Definition
| the site of protein synthesis |
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| The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis is ________ |
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Definition
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| Gene expression includes two stages... |
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Definition
| transcription and translation(polypeptide synthesis) |
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| Who suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the cell? |
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Definition
| enzyme deficiancy, inherited recessive autosomal, black urine |
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Term
| What does the Multi-Step Metabollic Pathway include? |
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Definition
| precursor-arnithine-citrulline-arginine (enzymes) |
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Term
| Who created mutants of bread mold that could not survive on minimal medium? |
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Definition
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Definition
| the red bread mold that Beadle and Tatum experimented with |
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| The function of a gene is to dictate the production of a specific enzyme |
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Definition
| "One gene-one enzyme hypothesis" by Beadle and Tatum WRONG |
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Term
| What structure does hemoglobin have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genes code for _______ or for _____ |
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Definition
| Polypeptide chains....RNA molecules |
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Term
| DNA->RNA, occurs in the nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA->polypeptide chain, occurs on ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| is the actual synthesis of a polypeptide, under the direction of mRNA |
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Term
| In ______ transription and translation occur together |
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Definition
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Term
| allows us to make 100,000 proteins out of 20,000 genes |
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Definition
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Term
| Which RNA is edited allowing for 100,000 genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which RNA goes to the ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| In __________ RNA transcripts are modified before becoming true mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| takes original pRNA and modifies it |
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Term
| Multiple meanings for one word |
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Definition
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Term
| Ambiguity/Redundancy is bad. |
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Definition
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| The codon language goes by the One/Two/Three letter code |
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Definition
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| Our genetic code is ______ but is NOT ______ |
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Definition
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Definition
| non-overlapping base triplets |
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| Who came up with the universal genetic dictionary? |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA Polymerase builds ___ to ____ |
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Definition
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| RNA polymerase reads ___ to ___ in three chunks called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What signals the start of every polypeptide? |
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Definition
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Term
| For any gene in RNA synthesis, only ____ side of the helix, the _____, is read 3' to 5' |
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Definition
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Term
| If the side that is used for RNA synthesis is called the template, what is the remaining strand referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are transgenic species possible? |
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Definition
| The genetic code is universal |
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Term
| A _______ is created when genes are transcribed and translated after being transplanted from one species to another |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA can be made from more ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ to the template has the correct recipe for the protein in RNA language |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA synthesis is catalyzed by _______ which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is never converted into amino acid language |
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Term
| The ____, ____, and _____ are noncoding sequences. |
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Definition
| promoter, terminator, and introns |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA code that eventually creates polypeptide only in the transcription unit |
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Term
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Definition
helicase
3' OH group
primer/primase |
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Term
| RNA Synthesis doesn't need help to: |
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Definition
pry open molecule(unzip)
3' OH group
primer/primase |
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Term
| What are the three stages of transcription? |
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Definition
| Initiation, elongation, termination |
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Term
| Only this part of the molecule is made into the complementary strand of RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What signal the initiation of RNA synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ box is the location of the promoter region |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ continues to untwist the double helix, exposing about 10 to 20 DNA bases at a time for pairing with RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| In _______ only one protein is on the transcribed unit |
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Definition
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Term
| In ______ up to four proteins are on the transcribed unit |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three stop codons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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| What are on the outskirts of the start and stop codons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| un-translated regions on the outskirts of the start and stop codons |
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Term
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Definition
| initial molecule, the rough draft |
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Term
| the Primary Transcrip RNA, _____, is modified in the eukaryotic nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| The average length of a pre-mRNA molecule is _____nucleotides. The average protein size is ___ amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the 5' end of pre-mRNA recieve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the 3' end of a pre-mRNA recieve? |
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Definition
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Term
| The nucleotide cap is made of...? |
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Definition
| guanine and three phosphates |
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Term
| What does the poly-A-tail do? |
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Definition
| allows the pre-mRNA to leave the nucleus |
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Term
| ______ (TATA) on the gene |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ (start) on transcript |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA Splicing removes ____ and joins ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| After RNA Splicing occurs what is produced? |
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Definition
| the final transcript! (mRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of snRNPs (snurps),RNA splicing enzymes |
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| Why is it important to be made of RNA? ex: enzymes, proteins |
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Definition
| RNA attracts to other DNA/RNA=splicing |
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Term
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Definition
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| ______ are catalytic RNA molecules that function as enzymes and can splice RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the # of possible proteins greater than the # of genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines an exon or intron? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins often have a __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the structural and functional regions in proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
mRNA is read: ____
tRNA is read: ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| tRNA is full of anticodons/codons |
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Definition
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Term
| How are there only 45 anticodons but 61 codons? |
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Definition
| Sometimes an mRNA molecule will bind with the special base I |
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Term
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Definition
| transfers amino acid to a ribosome, also translates codes |
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Term
| tRNA carries a specific amino acid at the ____ end |
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Definition
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Term
| tRNA code is _______ of mRNA code |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ causes tRNA to stick together |
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Definition
| complementary base pairing |
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