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Chapter 17
Chapter 17
18
Biology
11th Grade
10/20/2013

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Term
Absolute Dating
Definition
Determining the age of a fossil by direct measurement, usually involving radioisotope decay
Term
Analogous Structure
Definition
Body part in different species that is similar in function but not in structure that evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge
Term
Clade
Definition
A group of similar organisms sharing a set of traits derived from a common ancestor
Term
Cladogram
Definition
A diagram representing the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms
Term
Compression Fossil
Definition
A fossil made by pressing an organism in layers of sediment
Term
Derived Character
Definition
The common distinguishing feature of a clade
Term
Half-Life
Definition
The time it takes for half the isotopes in a sample of an element to decay into a second isotope
Term
Highly Conserved
Definition
A protein or nucleic acid sequence that is very similar in different species
Term
Homologous Structure
Definition
Similar structures in a different species that have the same general function, indicating descent from a common ancestor
Term
Impression Fossil
Definition
The preserved evidence of an organism, such as a footprint
Term
Molecular Clock
Definition
Using differences in molecules as markers for the amount of time that has passed since two species were the same species
Term
Paleontology
Definition
Study of evidence of past life
Term
Petrifaction
Definition
The preservation of tissue structure by replacing biomolecules with minerals
Term
Radiometric Dating
Definition
Using measurements of natural radioactive decay as a clock to date fossils
Term
Relative Dating
Definition
Determining the age of a fossil by comparisons to known ages of adjacent fossils in rock strata
Term
Synteny
Definition
Comparison of gene order on chromosomes between species
Term
Systematics
Definition
Study of the evolutionary relationships among species
Term
Vestigial Structures
Definition
A structure that seems not to have a function in an organism but that resembles a functional organ in another species.
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