Term
An individuals genetically predetermined resistance to certain deseases is called? |
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Definition
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Term
______________ is the ability of the body to specifically
react to a microbial infection. |
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Definition
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Term
____________ produce lymphocytes and when they mature they become Bcells |
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Definition
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Term
_______________________ involves antibodies which are found in Serum and lump and produce B cells |
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Definition
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Term
Lymphocytes that migrate through the thymus become |
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Definition
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Term
Cellular immunity involves? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of cell receptors recognize antigens? |
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Definition
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Term
This is a chemical substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies? |
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Definition
An antigen (or immunogen) |
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Term
As a rule ___________ are proteins or polysaccharides. |
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Definition
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Term
Antibodies are formed against specific regions on antigens called ________ or ____________ |
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Definition
epitopes or antigenic determinants
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Term
This is a low molecular weigh substance that cannot cause the formation of antibodies unless combined with a carrier molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
_________________reacts with their antibodies independently of the carrier molecule |
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Definition
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Term
_______________ is a protein that is produced by B cells in response to an antigen and is capable of combining specifically with that antigen. |
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Definition
An Antibody or immunoglobin |
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Term
What do typical monomers consist of? |
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Definition
4 polypeptide chains
2 heavy and 2 light chains |
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Term
Within each chain is _____________ that binds the
epitope and a constant ___________ that distiguishes
the different classes of antibodies. |
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Definition
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Term
What shape is the monomer?
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Definition
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Term
On an Antibody monomer the _______ form the tips and the _____________ form the base and Fc (stem) region |
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Definition
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Term
Which region of the monomer can attach to a host cell or to a complement? |
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Definition
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Term
The Igm Antibodies consist of ____________ chains that are held by a ____________. |
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Definition
five monomers
joining chains |
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Term
What are involved with agglutination and
complement fixation? |
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Definition
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Term
| These secretory Antibodies are dimers that protect mucosal surfaces from invasion of pathogens. |
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Definition
Secrretory IgA antibodies |
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Term
Serum IgA antibodies are ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
These antibodies are on B cells and they may delete B Cells that produce antibodies against self. |
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Definition
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Term
These Antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
Red Bone Marrow cells give rise to ________ with _______ and ______ on their surfaces which recognize specific epitopes. |
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Definition
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Term
For T independent antigens: B cells are selected by ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
For T dependent antigens:
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Definition
| the B cells immunoglubulins combine with an antigen, and the antifen fragments combine with MHC class II activated Th cells . |
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Term
| In T-dependent antigens, what cells active the B cells? |
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Definition
| The Th cells activate the B cells |
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Term
Activated B cell differentiate into
___________ and _____________. |
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Definition
Plasma cells and Memory cells |
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Term
B cells that recognize self are eliminated by |
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Definition
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Term
An Antigen -antibody complex forms when an antibody binds
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Definition
to its specific epitopes on an antigen. |
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Term
Agglutination results when _______. |
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Definition
an antibody combines with epitopes on two different cells.
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Term
| Optinization enhances ____________ of the antigen |
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Definition
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Term
Antibodies that attach to microbes or toxins cause |
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Definition
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Term
What does compliment activation result in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What part of the T cell recognizes antigens? |
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Definition
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Term
What do red bone marrow stem cells give rise to ?
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Definition
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Term
These cells recognize antigens processed by antigen presenting cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| A "T" cell binds to ________ on the surface of an infected cell |
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Definition
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Term
| This depends on T cells to eliminate intracellular pathofens, reject foreign tissue recognized as non self and detroy tumor cells |
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Definition
Cellular immunity
or cell mediated immunity |
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Term
| This type of immunity is directed at freely circulating pathogens and depends on B Cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| The adaptive immunity is divided into two parts, what are they? |
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Definition
Humoral immunity (antibody-immunity)
and
Cellular immunity (cell-mediated immunity)
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Term
These cells are usually found in resting state and are important for innate immunity and riddy the body of worn blood cells
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of cells can attack parasites , larger then a bacteria and do not need to be stimulated by an antigen? |
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Definition
NK Cells
(Natural killer cells) |
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Term
| These cells cause pores to form in the target cell which leads to either lysis or apoptosis? |
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Definition
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Term
Cytokines that serve as communcators between leukocytes (white Blood cells) are known as
______________. |
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Definition
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Term
This is a small family of cytokines that induce migration of leukocytes into areas of infection or tissue damage.
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Definition
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Term
| This type of cytokine, protect cells form viral infection and are available as commercial products in treating disease conditions such as hepatitis and some cancers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical messengers that are soluble proteins or glycoproteins, that are produced by all cells in the immune system in response to a stimulis. |
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Definition
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Term
| These cytokines are a strong factor in inflammatory reactions of autoimmune diseases such a rhematoid arthritis and known by abbreviations TNF-a. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells (T or B) make antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a good example of a hapten? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are T cell and B cells primarilly found in? |
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Definition
| Blood and Lymphoid organs |
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Term
The strength of a Bond between an antigen and antibody is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Antibodies have the capability of recognizing the shape of an antigens epitope. This is called? |
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Definition
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Term
These secondary lymphoid organs are located on the intestinal wall and are where M (microfold) cells are located.
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Definition
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Term
| The recognition of antigens by a T cell requires that they be first processed by |
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Definition
APC (antigen presenting cells) |
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Term
| Naturally acquired immunity develops when |
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Definition
| a person is exposed to antifens, becomes ill and then recovers. (ex measles) |
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Term
This involves the natural transfer of antibodies from a mother to her infant. This type of immunity can last a few months. |
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Definition
Naturally aqcuired passive immunity |
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Term
This type of immunity is the result of vaccination and can be long lasting |
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Definition
Artificially acquired active immunity |
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Term
This type of immunity involves the injection of antibodies
(rather then antigens) into the body. This type of immunity can last up to a few months |
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Definition
Artificially acquired passive immunity |
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Term
This introduces vaccines in to the body. |
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Definition
Vaccination or immunization |
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Term
A generic term for blood derived fluids that contain antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
The study of reactions between antibodies and antigens is called |
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Definition
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Term
The response of the body to the first contact of an antigen is called_______ and is characterized by the appearance of Igm and IgG. |
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Definition
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Term
Overproduction of cytokines leads to ____________ which leads to tissue damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| Immunity resulty from infection is called ____________ and may be long lasting. |
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Definition
Naturally acquired long lasting immunity |
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