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Definition
| conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein |
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Definition
| the synthesis of RNA on a DNA template |
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| type of RNA, synthesized from DNA that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein |
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| the synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule |
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| a cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein sythesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules |
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Definition
| an initial RNA transcrip; also called pre-mRNA |
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Definition
| a set of three-nucleotide long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains |
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Definition
| the DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript |
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Definition
| a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of a genetic code |
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Definition
| the way a cell's mRNA-translating machinery groups the mRNA nucleotides into codons |
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Definition
| an enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribo-nucleotides during transcription |
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Definition
| a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA |
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Definition
| a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule, which then departs from the gene |
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Definition
| start of a chemical or enzymatic reaction |
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Definition
| an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or from mutagens; specifically, attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome |
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Definition
| stop of mRNA synthesis at the terminator site |
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Term
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Definition
| a noncoding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene |
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Definition
| a coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons, which are expressed, are separated from each other by introns |
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Definition
| an RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons |
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Definition
| a specialized base triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule |
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Definition
| the most abundant type of RNA, which together with proteins, forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex of ribosomes strung along a single strand of messenger RNA that translates the genetic information coded in the messenger RNA during protein sythesis |
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Definition
| a point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| a mutations involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene |
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Definition
| a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage; a mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene |
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Definition
| a mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein |
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Definition
| a mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of 3, resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons |
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Definition
| a chemical or physical agent that interaccts with DNA and causes a mutation |
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