A ruler with complete authority over the goverment and the lives of the people.

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The authority to rule came diretly from God.

(Philip II and other European rulers)

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A fleet to carry a Spanish invasion force to England.

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French Protestants

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Henry IV granted the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms.

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Royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out his policies in the provinces.

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Near Paris Louis XIV turned a royal hunting lodge into the immense palace of Versailles.

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To maintain a distribution fo military and economic power among European nations to prevent the union of France and Spain.

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A Huguenot prince inherited the French throne in 1589.

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Louis appointed him in 1624 to become his chief minister.

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Was 5 years old when inherited the French throne in 1643 a year after Richelieu's death.

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Louis's finance minister, imposed mercantilist policies to bolster the economy.

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The first Stuart monarch, agreed to rule according to English laws and customs.

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Inherited the throne in 1625. Behaved like an absolute monarch just like his father.

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England went under the commonwealth under Olivers leadership. He died in 1658.

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In 1660 newly elected Parliament invited Charles II back to England from exile. A popular ruler.

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Charles's brother, inherited the throne in 1685. In 1688 English Protestants feared he would bring the Roman Catholic Church back so they invited his daughter Mary and her husband William III to rule England.

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In 1688 they were asked to rule England. Had to accept the English Bill of Rights in 1689.

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Protestants who differed with the Church of England.

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Sought to "purify" the church of Catholic practices.

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In 1640 Parliament became known as the Long Parliament because it lasted on and off until 1653.

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Lasted 1642-1651, a major challenge to absolutism, and England forces of revolution triumphed.

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When England became republican it was also known as the commonwealth.

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Return of the monarchy.

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Parliament passed this act in 1689 and it ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy.

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New feature of gov't that evolved in the 1700s after the British throne passed to a German prince.

Created a new type of gov't called limited monarchy.

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Head of the cabinet, always the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons.

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Power is defined and limited by law.

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No person could be hold in prision without being first charged with a specific crime.

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Real name Federick II, forced everyone to recognize Prussia as a great power. His exploits earned him the name Frederick the Great.

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Used all of his power to put Russia on the road to becoming a great modern power.

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A new monarch who took the reins of power firmly in hand because Peter died without an heir and without naming a successor.

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