Term
| Pathway of the conducting zone |
|
Definition
Nasal cavity-->pharynx-->larynx-->trachea-->
bronchi-->larger bronchioles-->terminal bronchioles
no place like time before large bubbles turn bigger |
|
|
Term
| Pathway of the respirator zone |
|
Definition
| respiratory bronchioles--> alveolar sacs |
|
|
Term
| What are spherical , air-filled structures, continuous with the terminal bronchioles calls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cluster of alveoli called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 300 million per person (about 37 per temminal bronchiole)
|
|
|
Term
| Structual cells, which also form half of the respiratory membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secrete pulmonary surfactant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- simple empithelium ( a single cell layer in thickness)
- Two cell types
- Type I alveolar cells
- Type II alveolar cells
|
|
|
Term
| This is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are surround by capillary beds of the pulmonary circuit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is adjacent to the alveolar wall |
|
Definition
| capillary walls, also a single epithelial cell layer thick |
|
|
Term
| What is the ideal gas law |
|
Definition
PV=nRT
- P = Pressure
- V = Volume
- n = number of moles of gas particles
- R = a constant
- T = Temperature
|
|
|
Term
| Each lung is surrounded by a serous membrane called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only way air can enter the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the external intercostal muscles, and dia phragm, contract. This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two types
- passive - relaxation of the muscles of inspiration
- forced - the internal intercostal muscles contract to forcefully decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity
|
|
|
Term
| What is the air flow in the respiratory system driven by |
|
Definition
| difference in pressure between the alveolar sacs and the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| What pressure gradient drives air into the alveoli |
|
Definition
Palveolibecomes negative, compared to Patmosphere
pressure is lower in the alveoli, which drives air into the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't Palveoli continue going down the entire time that Valveoli is going up |
|
Definition
| Because during the second half of inspiration, n has increased and continues increasing so much that by the peak (end) of inspiration, Palveoli goes back up to Patmosphere |
|
|
Term
| What happens during exhalation |
|
Definition
| contraction of the thoracic cavity reduces the size of the lungs, and makes the alveoli smaller |
|
|
Term
| What pressure grandient drives air out of the alveoli |
|
Definition
Palveoli becomes positive, compared to Patmosphere
pressure is higher in the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Why is pulmonary surfactant important during inspiration |
|
Definition
| surfactant is like a detergent. It decreases hydrogen bonding between water molecules that line the moist alveolar walls. This decreases the force required to expand the lungs. Increases the compliance of the lungs. |
|
|
Term
Asthma
Increased airway resistance due to what |
|
Definition
- spastic contractions of smoothe muscle in the bronchiole walls
- increased mucus
- inflammation of teh bronchiole walls
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- continuous measurement of lung volumes
- many variables can be measured
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Can measure values like
- forced vital capacity (FVC)
- the amount of air a person cam exhale
- forced expiratory volume (FEVI)
- the percent of FVC you can exhale in the first 1 second of forceful exhalation
- if less than 80% there are obstructive problems preventing normal exhalation
|
|
|
