Term
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Definition
| the conscious awareness and the interpretationof the meaning of sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| - each unique type of sensation, a neuron is associated withonly one modality |
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Term
a. Somatic Senses
b. Visceral Senses |
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Definition
Somatic Senses
- associated with the body
- ex. pain receptor
b. Visceral Senses
- provide information about the conditions withininternal organs
- ex. chemoreceptor |
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Term
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Definition
- receptors are located in complex sensory organs that arelocated in specific regions of the body
- ex. sight, hearing |
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Term
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Definition
- bare dendrites that have no apparent structure
- ex. Thermoreceptor (sense temperature change) |
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Term
| Encapsulated nerve endings |
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Definition
- the dendrite is enclosed in a connective tissue capsule
- ex. Pressure receptor |
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Term
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Definition
- associated with the special senses
- these are designed to receive a specific stimulus
- ex. Photoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| - located near the external surface of the body, i.e. aresensitive to external stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| - located internally, monitor homeostasis of our internalenvironment |
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Term
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Definition
- located in muscle, joints and the internal ear
- monitors body position |
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Term
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Definition
| - detect mechanical pressure, i.e. these respond todeformation |
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Term
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Definition
| - respond to damage to tissue, i.e. pain receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| - a decrease in sensation when a receptor is constantlystimulated |
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Term
| The Somatic Sensory Pathway |
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Definition
| - these relay information from the somatic sensory receptorsto the brain |
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Term
| First Order Neurons = Sensory Neurons |
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Definition
| - conducts the nervous impulse from the somatic sensoryreceptor to the CNS (Brain Stem or Spinal Cord) |
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Term
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Definition
- conduct the nervous impulse from First Order Neurons to theThalamus on the opposite side of the body
- these axons will cross over at the Spinal Cord or the BrainStem
- First and Second Order Neurons synapse in the Brain Stem orSpinal Cord |
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Term
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Definition
- conduct nervous impulses from the Thalamus to the PrimarySomatosensory Area (Postcentral Gyrus) on the same side
- Second and Third Order Neurons synapse in the Thalamus |
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Term
| The Somatosensory Cortex p. 508 |
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Definition
- located in the Postcentral Gyrus
- specific areas of this cortex receive somatic sensory inputfrom specific areas of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| - transport nerve impulses associated with movements from thebrain |
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Term
| Direct Motor Pathways, General p. 513 |
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Definition
| - also known as Pyramidal Pathways |
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Term
| Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) |
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Definition
- these originate in the Precentral Gyrus and the surroundingarea
- these axons descend to the Medulla Oblongata, most of thesecross over to the other side of the body (i.e. decussate)at this level, the remaining axons will cross over in thespinal cord at the level where the nerve impulse exitsthe CNS |
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Term
| Lower Motor Neurons (LMN) = Motor Neurons |
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Definition
- cell bodies are located in the Brain Stem or Spinal Cord
- transmit the nerve impulse to skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
- the Primary Motor Cortex is located in the PrecentralGyrus
- specific areas of this cortex are associated with themovement of specific muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| severing of all or part of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| loss or impairment of motor function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of the lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of one side of the body (eg. upper limb,torso, lower limb) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- a disorder characterized by short, recurrent, periodicattacks of motor, sensory and psychologic malfunction
- these attacks are initiated by abnormal, synchronouselectrical discharges by numerous neurons in the brainwhich leads to seizures (i.e. uncontrolled nervousactivity)
- a wide variety of causes, ex. brain trauma, infection,metabolic disorders, etiology unknown, etc....
- in many instances Epilepsy can be controlled by drug therapy |
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