aim to alter a listeners' beliefs

keeping two conflicting beliefs separated so that one need not be conscious of the conflict between them.

*i.e. some people say they are environmentalists, but will support sport utility vehicles

capable of being understood in more than one way

*i.e. "i have a dream" speech can be interpreted as a call for militancy or for moderation on teh part of the African American community.

A prediction that comes true because of actions that people take upon hearing the prediction.

*part of strengthening commitment

that attack or defense of a challenged statement or claim

*part of weakening commitment

establishing common  bonds between speaker and audience so that teh speaker appears to be at one with listeners

developed by Alan Monroe, Includes:

I. Attention Step

II. Need Step

III. Satisfaction Step

IV. Visualization Step

V. Action