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Chapter 15 Muscle
Terminology, comb. form, vocabulary, Ex Q,R,S,U
55
Biology
Professional
03/10/2011

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Term
Name the action: decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb.
Definition
flexion
Term
Name the action: increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb.
Definition
extension
Term
Name the action: movement away from the midline of the body
Definition
abduction
Term
Name the action: movement toward the midline of the body
Definition
adduction
Term
Name the action: circular movement around an axis (central point).
Definition
rotation (internal rotation is toward the midline and external ration is away from the midline.
Term
Name the action: decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward).
Definition
dorsiflexion. This is the opposite movement of stepping on the gas pedal when driving a car.
Term
Name the action: Motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal.
Definition
plantar flexion (plant/o means sole of the foot)
Term
Name the action: as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm up. as applied to the foot, it is outward roll of the foot during normal motion.
Definition
supination
Term
Name the action: as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down. As applied tot he foot, it is inward roll of the foot during normal motion.
Definition
pronation
Term
Name the term: connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
Definition
insertion of a muscle
Term
Name the term: connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
Definition
origin of a muscle
Term
Name the term: muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
Name the term: Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle.
Definition
visceral muscle
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: fasci/o
Definition
fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: fibr/o
Definition
fibrous connective tissue
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: leiomy/o
Definition
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs.
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: my/o
Definition
muscle
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: myocardi/o
Definition
heart muscle
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: myos/o
Definition
muscle
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: plant/o
Definition
sole of the foot
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: rhabdomy/o
Definition
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
Term
Give the meaning of the combining form: sarc/o
Definition
muscle and flesh
Term
Give the meaning of the suffix:-asthenia
Definition
lack of strength
Term
Give the meaning of the suffix: -trophy
Definition
development, nourishment
Term
Give the meaning of the prefix: ab-
Definition
away from
Term
Give the meaning of the prefix: ad-
Definition
toward
Term
Give the meaning of the prefix: dorsi-
Definition
back
Term
Give the meaning of the prefix: poly-
Definition
many, much
Term
Name the disorder: group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
Definition
muscular dystropy
Term
Name the disorder: chronic inflammatory myopathy.
Definition
polymyositis
Term
Name the laboratory test: detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Definition
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
Term
Name the term: fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
Definition
fascia
Term
Muscle that makes up the voluntary or skeletal muscles that moves all bones, as well as controlling facial expression and eye movements is called ________ muscle. (striated, smooth, cardiac)
Definition
striated
Term
Muscle that makes up the involuntary or visceral muscles that move internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and secretory ducts leading from the glands is called the _________ muscles. (striated, smooth, cardiac.
Definition
smooth
Term
Muscle that is striated in appearance but is like smooth muscle in its action is called _______ muscle. (striated, smooth, cardiac)
Definition
cardiac
Term
Name the term: removal of fascial tissue
Definition
fasciectomy
Term
Name the term: inflammation of the fibrous or connective tissue of the body causing widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and multiple tender points.
Definition
fibromyalgia
Term
Name the term: benign tumor derived from smooth muscle, most often of the uterus.
Definition
leiomyoma
Term
Name the term: Muscular pain or tenderness
Definition
myalgia
Term
Name the term: electrical recording of muscle activity that aids in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease.
Definition
electromyography
Term
Name the term: any disease of muscle
Definition
myopathy
Term
Name the term: pertaining to the muscular tissue of the heart.
Definition
myocardial
Term
Name the term: rare disease in which the muscle fibers and skin are inflamed and damaged, resulting in muscle weakness
Definition
myositis
Term
Name the term: a toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle.
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
Name the term: benign tumor derived from striated muscle.
Definition
rhabdomyoma
Term
Name the term: A malignant tumor derived from skeletal muscle.
Definition
rhabdomyosarcoma
Term
Name the term: age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in the elderly
Definition
sarcopenia
Term
Name the term: autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness.
Definition
myasthenia gravis
Term
Name the term: a wasting away; a diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part.
Definition
atrophy
Term
Name the term: enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to increase in size of its constituent cells.
Definition
hypertrophy
Term
Name the term: wasting of muscles, caused by disease of the nerves supplying them.
Definition
amyotrophic
Term
Name the term: movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body.
Definition
abduction
Term
Name the term: the movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body.
Definition
adduction
Term
Name the term: backward flexion or bending, as of the neck.
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
Name the term: Pain in several muscle groups.
Definition
polymyalgia
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