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Chapter 15-3
Darwin Presents His Case
11
Biology
04/14/2009

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Term
Natural Selection
Definition

The processs by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most specifically; also called Survival of the Fittest.

Term
Artificial selection
Definition
The selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. (pg 379)
Term
Struggle for existence
Definition
The competition among members of a species for food,living space, and ther other necessities of life (pg. 380)
Term
fitness
Definition
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in it's environment. (pg 380)
Term
Adaptation
Definition
The inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival (p. 380)
Term
Survival of the Fittest
Definition
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection.  (pg 381)
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fitteste. (pg 381)
Term
descent with modification
Definition
The principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time (pg. 381)
Term
common descent
Definition
The principle that all living things have a common ancestor (pg 382)
Term
homologous structures
Definition
Structures that have different mature forms in differtent organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues.  (pg 384)
Term
vestigial organ
Definition

An organ that serves no useful function in an organism (pg 385)

 

example:  in humans: appendix and male nipples