Term
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Definition
| One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Orientations that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
A paradoxical social phenomenon in which people are less likely to provide needed help when they
are in groups than when they are alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| The medium through which a message is sent. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychological state that exists when related cognitions are inconsistent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise. |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one's own. |
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Term
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Definition
| The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder. |
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Term
| Conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (Cs) |
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Definition
A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a
conditioned response. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to seek information that supports one's decisions and beliefs while ignoring
disconfirming information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for people to yield to real or imagined social pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a
similar way. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ascribing the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints. |
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Term
Foot-in-the-
door technique |
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Definition
Getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger
request later. |
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Term
| Fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| Observers' bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others' behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Widely held beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personality traits, and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself. |
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Term
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Definition
A phenomenon that occurs when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view
and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out. |
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Term
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Definition
A misperception that occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations
of an association between social traits than they have actually seen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ascribing the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive feelings toward another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| Getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before revealing the hidden costs. |
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Term
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Definition
The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select
each other as partners. |
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Term
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Definition
| The information transmitted by a source. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are not part of the ingroup. |
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Term
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Definition
A complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of
intense emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of forming impressions of others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A negative attitude held toward members of a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way. |
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Term
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Definition
| The person to whom a message is sent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liking those who show that they like you. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rule that people should pay back in kind what they receive from others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of schema that organizes what people know about common activities. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational
factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that people compare themselves with others to understand and evaluate their own behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people. |
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Term
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Definition
| The person who sends a communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group. |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
| An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning. |
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Term
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning. |
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