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| economic system based on private ownership of property, competition in the production and distribution of goods and services, and the maximization of profits. |
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| is an economic system based on public ownership and gov. control of the economy and the distribution of goods and services. |
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| happens in capitalism.. a market controlled by a single buisness firm which can then dictate prices and set quality standards. |
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| also known as democratic socialism, are economic systems that incorporate both competetive markets and the institution of private property as well as state ownership of large corporations which are run for the benefit of all citizens. |
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| a system where companies are privately owned, but maintain a close working relationship with their governments, often receive help from the government in the form of financial assistance and controls on the importation of foreign products. |
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practice of one company hiring another to perform talks that used to be done in house, can be internal and external.
EX: companies decides to replace its own employees who handle workers insurance with another firm to perform that function, it has outsource that work. |
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substituting foreign for domestic labor.
EX: hospitals sending X rays overseas to be read by radiologists in India rather than in the U.S. |
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| "shadow" economy: where work and income are not reported to the appropriate agencies overseeing the economy. |
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| Transnational Corporations |
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| economic enterprises that have headquarters in one country and conduct buisness activities in one or more other countries. |
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| consists of activities that extract raw materials directly from the natrual environment. |
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| also known as the industrial sector, involves activites that transform natrual resources into manfactuared products. |
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| part of the economy that provides services rather than goods. Broad sector (low and high income jobs). |
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| a term coined in 1985 to call attention to the increasing porportion of ppl who had transitory and temporary relationships with their employers. |
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| National Labor Relations Act of 1935 |
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| also known as the Wagner Act, recognized the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively through a union of their choice. |
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| the social processes through which individuals and groups aquire, exercise, mantain, or lose power. |
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| legitimate power is exercised over ppl with their consent |
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| illegitimate power refers to the exercise of power through the use of force or the threat of force. |
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long-established cultural patterns that are passed down from one generation to the next.
- usually heriditary and reinforced by a belief that the authority is bestowed by a higher power like god. |
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| The ability to realize ones will despite resistance from others, and it can take two forms. |
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more comples and diverse societies use this: power that is legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations that define the ruler’s rights and duties. The authority is not vested in rulers but in the positions they hold
ex: PResident of the U.S can change, but the authority of the office stays |
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exercising power by virtue of exceptional personal qualities, or charisma.
- Ex: Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela.
- Dies when the leader dies so the movement is unstable; but if it survives goes through routinization: switch allegiance from leader to political system (turns into rational legal authority). |
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Mills argues relatively small group of wealthy and well-connected individuals who routinely interact together, frequently intermarry, share a worldview, and work together to achieve a political agenda that serves their interests.
- Able to exert control over three major institutional areas- the economy, the government, and the military |
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power is dispersed among many competing interest groups. The pluralists do not deny that power is unequally distributed, but they argue that , overall, power is widely dispensed throughout society in the form of multiple power centers in the US.
- Example: power divided by churches, business association, unions, community org. |
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| form of government in which citizens are able to participate directly or indirectly in their own governance and to elect their leaders. Democracies today take the form of representative democracy, a political system in which citizens, through open and free elections, choose representatives who are expected to make decisions that convey the desire and interest of the majority of the people who have elected them to office. Ex. US and France |
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Political system, in which power resides in one person or a single family and is passed from generation to generation, commonly found in agrarian societies and exemplified the role of traditional authority. Take two forms:
o Absolute monarchy: ruler claims a divine right to rule
o Constitutional monarchies: monarch serves as a symbolic ruler or head of state whose major role is to perform ceremonial functions; the actual function of running the government is in the hands of elected officials whose authority is specified in a constitution.
- Example: Sweden, Norway, Denmark. |
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whereby authority is concentrated in the hand of rulers who severely restrict popular participation in of rulers who severely restrict popular participation in the government. Leaders come to assume power in one of four ways:
1.They inherit their position by virtue of birth
2.They are chosen by the current leader to succeed upon his death or retirement
3.Powerful clique selects a leader without concern for the publics desires
4.They are installed after and armed insurrection |
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| when military officers seize power from the government. Many leaders of today’s came to power as a result of military coup. Like General Pervez of Pakistan and Libya’s Colonel Muammar Gadhafi |
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variant of authoritarianism, gov. ruled by or subject to religous authority.
EX: Iran: elected by the ppl but must be approved by a Council of Guardians |
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the societal focus on military ideals and an aggressive preparedness for war, which has characterized much of world history, seems to have increased in recent years.
- US involvement in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. |
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*the latest type to emerge on the world stage
-form of goverment in which the state controls almost all aspects of people's lives.
EX:Germany under Hitler |
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| activities that produce goods and services for one's own use or in exchange for pay or support. |
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| working at jobs beneath their training and abilities or being forced to take only part-time work. |
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| the breakdown of the natrual connections b/w people and the products they produce, the process of their work, and other people, which leads to feelings of self-estrangement. |
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| organizations of workers seeking improved wages and working conditions through collective bargaining with their employers. |
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