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Chapter 14- Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
26
Microbiology
Undergraduate 4
04/12/2010

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Term
Pathology
Definition
the study of disease
Term
Etiology
Definition
the study of the cause of a disease
Term
Pathogenesis
Definition
the development of disease
Term
Infection
Definition
Colonization of the body by pathogens
Term
Disease
Definition
An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally
Term
Koch's Postulates
Definition

1. the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease

2.the pathogen must be isolated from the diseases host and grown in pure culture

3.the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal

4.the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original animal

Term
Symptom
Definition
a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease
Term
Sign
Definition
a change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease
Term
Syndrome
Definition
a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
Term
Communicable disease
Definition
a disease that is spread from one host to another
Term
Contagious disease
Definition
a disease that is easliy spread from one host to another
Term
Noncommunicable disease
Definition
a disease that is not transmitted from one host to another
Term
Primary infection
Definition
Acute infection that causes the initial illness
Term
Secondary infection
Definition
Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection
Term
Commensalism
Definition
one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected
Term
Mutualism
Definition
both organisms benefit
Term
Parasitism
Definition
one organism benefits at the expense of the other
Term
Incidence
Definition
fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time
Term
Prevalence
Definition
fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time
Term
Sporadic disease
Definition
disease that occurs occasionally in a population
Term
Endemic disease
Definition
disease constantly present in a population
Term
Epidemic disease
Definition
disease aquired by many host in a given area in a short time
Term
Pandemic disease
Definition
world wide epidemic
Term
Herd Immunity
Definition
 immunity in most of a population
Term
Acute Disease
Definition
symptoms develop rapidly
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