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| Rocky Mountain Fur Company |
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| *American company. *William Henry Ashley created the "rendezvous" system in 1824. |
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| *Created by William Henry Ashley in 1824. *Yearly trade fair held deep in the Rocky Mountains. *Trappers traded furs for goods: traps, guns, ammunition, tobacco, beads and fabrics, and alcohol. *Modeled on Indian trade gatherings such as those of the Mandan Villages and Celilo Falls. |
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| *Worked for American fur companies as trappers that lived in the mountains. *Created a relationship of inclusion with Indians ex: Jim Beckwourth. |
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| *First American to enter California over the Sierra Nevada mountains. |
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| *He led an expedition to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in 1806 and 1807. |
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| *Established in 1821. *pgs.397-398 |
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| *America's most famous historian. *Believed that settling new frontiers had made Americans into a uniquely adventurous, optimistic, and democratic people. |
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| *Belief that Americans had a God-given right to bring democracy to other, more backward people (Mexicans and Indians) by force, if necessary. *John O'Sullivan wrote of manifest destiny in 1845. |
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| *Snowbound on the Nevada side on th Sierra Nevadas in 1846 - 1847. *Turned to cannabalism before being rescued. |
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| *Democratic nominee for the election of 1844. *Considered to be their first "dark horse." *Tennessee. *Ran on a platform favoring expansion. |
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| "Fifty-four Forty of Fight" |
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| *Polk's slogan that suggested that the U.S. would go to war if it didn't control all territory south of latitude 54 40', the border between Fussian Alaska and British Canada. *In June 1846, U.S. and Britain created treaty that set the U.S.- Canada border at the 49th parallel and leaving Vancouver under British control. |
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| Oregon's Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 |
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| *Codified the practice of giving 320 acres of land to each white male age eighteen or older and 640 acres of land to married couples. *African Americans, Hawaiians, and American Indians were not included. |
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| *Spanish-speaking residents of Texas. |
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| *Legendary warriors who raided small Texas settlements, struck deep into Mexico, and reached the tropical Yucatan. *Nomadic tribe that hunted buffalo and raided to keep buffalo territory. *No interest in assimilating. |
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| *Became the first American empresario (land agent). *Took up Moses Austin's (his father) land grant of 18,000 acres. *Agreed that his hand-picked settlers and himself would become Mexican citizens and Catholics. |
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| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
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| *Mexican general and President. *Led a counterattack against the Texan and Tejano seizure Goliad and San Antonio. *Led the attack against the Alamo. *Santa Anna signed treaty on March 14, 1836 that set independent Texas border at the Rio Grande. *Mexico refused Treaty. |
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| *San Antonio Texas. *Santa Anna led attack on March 6, 1836. *Killed 187 men but the women and a slave were spared to be eyewitnesses. |
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| *General who commanded the American and Tejano volunteers. *His men staged a suprise attack on Santa Anna, eventhough Houston advised against it, and won. *Victory led to the treaty signing. *Became the President of the Republic of Texas. |
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| *Border dispute between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River. *Refused statehood in 1837 because there would be more slave states than free states in the Union. *Jackson extended diplomatic recognition on March 3, 1837. *The Tejanos were pushed out and squatters moved in. |
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| *Mexico believed this river was the Texas-Mexico border. |
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| *Americans believed this river was the Texas-Mexico border. |
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| *Philosopher-writer who went to jail for refusing to pay taxes he believed would support the war effort. *Wrote the classic essay "Civil Disobedience." |
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| Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo |
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Definition
| *Signed Febuary 2,1848. *Nicholas Trist disobeyed Polk with the treaty. *Mexico ceded California and New Mexico. *Accepted the Rio Grande as the Texas-Mexico border. *U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assumed about $2 million in individual claims against the nation. |
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| *A Swiss who settled in California in 1839, became a Mexican citizen, and served as a focal point for American settlement in the 1840's. *Held a magnificent land grant in Sacramento Valley. *Sutter's Fort. *Helped American overlanders and most settled near him. *Gold found near Sutter's Mill. |
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| *Name for the thousands that traveled to California during the Gold Rush of 1849. *They came from all over the world. |
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| *German Jewish immigrant who sold so many tough work pants to miners that his name became synonymous with his product. |
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| *Major entry port and supply point in California. *Grew from 1,000 in 1848 to 35,000 in 1850 because of the Gold Rush. *Mining town that instantly boomed. *Most money was made by caring for the miners. |
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| *Proposed by David Wilmot D-Penn. in August 1846. *Would ban slavery in all the territories acquired from Mexico. *Split both parties into Norterners and Southerners. |
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| *Doctrine created direct link between expansion and sectonal politices. *Platform focused on the economic problems associated with the expansion of slavery rather than the immoraliy of the institution. *Anti-black, wanted moral equality but not social equality and to ban blacks in western territories. (whitemanism) |
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| *Founded in 1840 by abolishionists had an uncompromising antislavery stance. |
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| *Emotions: pride, expansionism, sectonalism, abolitionism, free-soil sentiment. *Lewis Cass of Michigan ran as the Democratic nominee, General Zachary Taylor was the Whig nominee, Martin Van Buren ran for the Free-Soil Party. *Democrats divided between Cass and Van Buren and Taylor won. *Taylor won with only 47% of the popular vote. |
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| *Ran as the Whig candidate in 1848. *He was a Louisiana slaveholder who refused to take a position on the Wilmot Proviso in order to appeal to both sections. *He opposed the expansion of slavery. *Ran as a war hero who was above sectional politics. *Won the election. *Died before his term ended. |
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| *Democratic nominee from Michigan. *Platform proposed popular sovereignty. *Printed two different campaign biographies of Cass to appeal to both Northerners and Southerners. |
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| *Ran as a spoiler for the Free-Soil Party. *Ran because he was angry at Democrats for passing him over in 1844 and displeased with the growing southern dominance of the Democratic Party. *Won 10% of the votes, all of which were in the North, and cost Cass the election. |
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