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| One gene specifies the synthesis of one enzyme. A single gene was mutilated, resulted in the lack of a single enzyme. |
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| Each gene specifies one polypeptide of a protein, a molecule that may contain one or more different polypeptides. |
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| A sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a product. |
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Located in cytoplasm.
Where protein synthesis occurs. |
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Ribonucleic acid.
Found in nucleus and cytoplasm and was likely intermediary in protein synthesis. |
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Polymer of nucleotides.
Single-stranded and not a double helix, contains the sugar ribose, and contains the base uracil instead of thymine. |
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Messenger RNA.
Takes a message from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm. |
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Ribosomal RNA.
rRNA and proteins make up ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. |
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Transfer RNA.
Transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome.
Doubles bach on itself to create regions where complementary bases are hydrogen-bonded to one another. |
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The first step in gene expression.
The process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of mRNA. |
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The first step in gene expression.
The process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of mRNA. |
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| An mRNA transcript directs the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. |
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| The sequence of nucleotides in DNA specifies the order of amino acids in a polypeptide. |
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| A triplet code comprised of 64 three-base code words (codons). |
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Consists of 3 nucleotide bases of DNA that code for an amino acid and allows up to 64 different amino acids to the specified.
There is one start codon and three stop codons. |
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Enzyme involved in transcription.
Speeds formation of RNA from a DNA template. |
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| Defines the start of the gene, the direction of transcription, and the strand copied. |
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RNA polymerase attaches to promoter; complementary RNA nucleotides pair with DNA; association not as stable as helix so only newest portion stays associated, rest dangles off to side; continues until it reaches a DNA terminator.
RNA polymerase molecules work on same DNA strand at same time. |
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The immediate product of transcription.
Contains exons and introns. |
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| A modified guanine that tells a ribosome where to attach to begin translation. |
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Consists of a 150-200 adenine nucleotide chain that facilitates transport of mRNA out of the nucleus and inhibits degradation of mRNA by hydrolytic enzymes.
Protects. |
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Definition
| A portion of DNA code in primary mRNA transcript eventually expressed as result of polypeptide synthesis. |
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A non-coding segment of DNA removed by spliceosomes before the mRNA leaves nucleus.
May divide a gene into regions that can be joined in different combinations for different products. |
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A complex that contains several kinds of ribonucleoproteins.
Cut the primary mRNA transcript and then rejoin adjacent exons.
May allow the same DNA to be divided differently and produce different products. |
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| A group of nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to the codon on mRNA. |
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| Amino acid-activating enzymes that recognize which amino acid should join which tRNA molecule, and then catalyze ATP-requiring reactions joining them. |
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