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Chapter 14
The Reproductive System
60
Medical
Undergraduate 2
11/28/2011

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Term
amenorrhea
Definition
abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid
Term
andropause
Definition
(male menopause) marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone
*AKA Androgen Decline in the Aging Male (ADAM)
Term
Apgar score
Definition
Scale of 1-10 to evaluat a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Term
azoospermia
Definition
the absence of sperm in the semen
Term
cervical dysplasia
Definition
(precancerous lesions) the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a Pap smear
Term
cervicitis
Definition
an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection
Term
chlamydia
Definition
caused by the bacterium *Chlamydia trachomatis*
the most commonly reported STD in the US, highly contagious and requires early treatment with antibiotics
Term
chorionic villus sampling
Definition
the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi (minute, vascular projections on the chorion)
Term
colostrum
Definition
a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest
Term
colpopexy
Definition
(vaginofixation) the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall
Term
colporrhaphy
Definition
the surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina
Term
colposcopy
Definition
the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina
Term
dysmenorrhea
Definition
pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period
Term
eclampsia
Definition
which is a more serious form of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus
Term
endocervicitis
Definition
an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix
Term
endometriosis
Definition
condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
Term
epididymitis
Definition
inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder
Term
episiotomy
Definition
a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal
Term
fibroadenoma
Definition
a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast
Term
fibrocystic breast disease
Definition
the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
Term
galactorrhea
Definition
the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breast-feeding
Term
gonorrhea
Definition
a highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*
Term
hemospermia
Definition
the presence of blood in the seminal fluid
Term
hydrocele
Definition
a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles
Term
hypomenorrhea
Definition
an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period
Term
hysterectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of the uterus
Term
hysterosalpingography
Definition
a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes
Term
hysteroscopy
Definition
the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes
Term
leukorrhea
Definition
a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
*Describes a change and increase from normal that can be due to an infection, malignancy, or hormonal changes
Term
mastalgia
Definition
pain in the breast
Term
mastopexy
Definition
mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position
Term
menarche
Definition
the beginning of the menstrual function
Term
menometorrhagia
Definition
excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals
Term
metrorrhea
Definition
an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus
Term
neonate
Definition
newborn infant
Term
nulligravida
Definition
a woman who has never been pregnant
Term
nullipara
Definition
a woman who has never borne a viable child
Term
obstetrician
Definition
a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter
Term
oligomenorrhea
Definition
the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods
Term
orchidectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of one or both testicles
Term
orchiopexy
Definition
endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum
Term
ovariectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of one or both ovaries
Term
ovariorrhexis
Definition
the rupture of an ovary
Term
perimenopause
Definition
the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all
Term
Peyronie's disease
Definition
a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection
Term
placenta previa
Definition
the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
Term
polycystic ovary syndrome
Definition
a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
Term
preeclampsia
Definition
complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria
Term
priapism
Definition
painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement
Term
primigravida
Definition
a woman during her first pregnance
Term
primipara
Definition
a woman who has borne one viable child
Term
pruritus vulvae
Definition
a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia
Term
salpingo-oophorectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
Term
syphilis
Definition
caused by the bacterium *Treponema pallidum* has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other STD's
Term
trichomoniasis
Definition
an infection caused by the protozoan parasite *Trichomonas vaginalis*
Term
uterine prolapse
Definition
condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
Term
variococele
Definition
a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum
Term
vasovasostomy
Definition
(vasectomy reversal) a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male
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