Term
| Microevolution vs. Macroevolution |
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Definition
Micro: evolution on the smallest scale. variations in the genetic code allow for natural selection.
macro: origin of new species. evolution novelty. explosive diversification. mass extictions. |
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Term
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Definition
"a population that can..."
- interbreed
- produce fertile offspring
- physical traits, ecological niches, common ancestor, barriers to breeding
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Term
- Reproductive barriers (species)
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Definition
- pre-zygotic barriers
- mating difficulties
- post zygotic barriers
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Term
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Definition
| adaptions of existing stuctures taking on new functions |
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Term
| exaption (biological novelty) |
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Definition
- structure that evolves in one context and adapts for other functions
- arises gradually
- genetic changes
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Term
| evo devo (bilogical novelty) |
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Definition
- evolutionary and developmental biology
- few genetic changes
- subtle changes in developmental rates can cause large changes in organism
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Term
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Definition
- fossil records
- compare strata with eachother
- factors effecting evoltuion:
continential drift and single land mass to current configuration of land masses
- mass exctincion--rapid diversification of life
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Term
| Taxonomy and heiarchy (classifications of life) |
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Definition
- taxonomy: identification, classification, and naming species.
- developed by Carlous Linnaeus
- Two parts:
1. each specie has a 2 part name (gene and species)
2. heirarchial classification into broader and broader groupings
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Term
| Sorting organisms (classification of life) |
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Definition
- sorting organisms relies on comparing structures
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Term
| Hypothesis 1: origin of life |
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Definition
synthesis of organic
- early earth very different
- atmosphere contained ammonia, methane, hydrogen and water vapor (no oxygen)
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Term
| Hypothesis 2: origin of life |
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Definition
Synthesis of organic polymers
condtions could have produced organic polymers from the monomers
- polymerization can occur if monomers are dripped onto hot clay, sand or rocks
- polypeptides can be formed this way
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Term
| Hypothesis 3: origin of life |
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Definition
formation of pre cells
labratory studies show that pre cells could have formed
- membrame keeps molecules local
- some pre cells store energy as voltage across their membrame
- some pre cells can form daughter spheres or budding
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Term
| Hypothesis 4: origin of life |
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Definition
origin of self replicating molecules
life is partly defined by the proces of inheritance
hypothesis that genes were short strands of rna that could replicate without the presence of enzymes
rna can fucntion as enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
two types: bacteria and archea
diverse
important: commercially, nutrionally, ecologically |
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Term
| ecological impact (prokaryotes) |
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Definition
pathogens
chemical recycling
bioremediation |
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Term
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Definition
evolved from prokaryotes 2 billion years ago
endomembrame system delevoped from inward folding of plasma membrame of prokaryotic cells
incorporation of mitochondria and choloroplasts
- mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own dna, rna, ribosomes
- these organelles replicate within the host cell by a process similar to binary fission
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