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chapter 13, management 301
terms and key subjects
39
Management
Undergraduate 1
04/01/2012

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Term
engagement
Definition
aspects of the work experience that create a sense of connection to the job and organization
Term
Motivation
Definition
accounts for the level direction adn persistence of effort expended at work
Term
need
Definition
an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire
Term
lower order needs
Definition
physiological, safety and social needs in maslows hierarchy
Term
higher order needs
Definition
esteem and self actualization needs in maslows hierarchy
Term
eistence needs
Definition
desires for physiological and material well being
Term
relatedness needs
Definition
desires for satisfying interpersonal relationship
Term
growth needs
Definition
desires for continued psychological growth and development
Term
need for achievement
Definition
the desire to do something better to solve problems or to master complex tasks
Term
need for power
Definition
the desire to control influence or be responsible for other ppl
Term
need for affiliation
Definition
the desire to establish and maintain good relations with ppl
Term
satisfier factor
Definition
found in job content such as a sense of achievement recognition responsibility advancement or personal growth
Term
hygiene factor
Definition
found in the job context such as working conditions interpersonal relations organizational policies and salary
Term
job design
Definition
the allocation of specif work tasks to individuals and groups
Term
job enrichment
Definition
increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor
Term
perceived negative inequity
Definition
discomfort felt over being harmed by unfair treatment
Term
perceived positive inequity
Definition
discomfort felt over benefitting from unfair treatment
Term
expectancy
Definition
a persons belief that working hard will result in high task performance
Term
instrumentality
Definition
a persons belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance
Term
valence
Definition
the value a person assigns to work related outcomes
Term
self efficacy
Definition
a persons belief that they are capable of performing a task
Term
law of effect
Definition
states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated: behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not
Term
operant condition
Definition
the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
strengthens a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
extinction
Definition
discourages a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
punishment
Definition
discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
shaping
Definition
positive reinforcement of successive approximations to be desired behavior
Term
law of continent reinforcement
Definition
deliver the reward only when desired behavior occurs
Term
law of immediate reinforcement
Definition
deliver the reward as soon as possible after the desired behavior occurs
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
law of effect
Definition
states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated: behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not
Term
operant condition
Definition
the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
strengthens a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
extinction
Definition
discourages a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
punishment
Definition
discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
shaping
Definition
positive reinforcement of successive approximations to be desired behavior
Term
law of continent reinforcement
Definition
deliver the reward only when desired behavior occurs
Term
law of immediate reinforcement
Definition
deliver the reward as soon as possible after the desired behavior occurs
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
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