Term
| 3 reasons why Jay Gould said we live in the age of bacteria |
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Definition
1. Bacteria- most numerous type of life (make up most cells in human body)
2. Live everywhere life is possible
3. Whole ecosystem depends on their activity |
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Term
| 5 ways microbes shape our world |
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Definition
1. Aid in production of food (fermented foods)
2. Aid in production in many beneficial substances for the body (vitamins, etc.)
3. Keep resources in balance, by breaking down wastes and incorporating Nitrogen into organic compounds
4. Negative effect- diseases
5. Source of food for ocean animals |
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Term
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Definition
1. Algae
2. Protozoa
3. helminths
4. fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 questions of the Golden Age of Microbiology |
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Definition
1. Is there spontaneous generation or biogenesis?
2. What causes fermentation?
3. What causes disease?
4. How to prevent disease? |
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Term
| 4 questions in Modern Microbiology |
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Definition
1. What are basic chemical reactions of life?
2. Role of microorganisms in ENVIRONMENT
3. how do GENES work?
4. how to DEFEND against disease? |
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Term
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Definition
1. Proved that microorganisms come from other microorganisms (BIOGENESIS)
2. Answered what causes FERMENTATION (bacteria & yeast in beef broth flask versus clean flask)
3. Proved microbes CAUSE disease: spoiled food
4. Showed that disease can be PREVENTED through pasteurization |
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Term
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Definition
1. Created TAXONOMIC system
2. Explained NESTED HIERARCHIES (everything fits into a larger box)
3. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (every living thing has a 2-word name: genus and species) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Saw microbes for the first time (little animals) and described all except viruses
2. First microscopes |
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Term
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Definition
1. Working on ANTHRAX proved bacteria is ETIOLOGY of disease
2. father of MICROBIO lab
3. Four POSTULATES on how to prove cause of infection
4. simple STAINING
5. use of PETRI dish
6. SOLID PLATE AGAR |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Identified bacteria as GRAM POSITIVE or NEGATIVE, based on staining |
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Term
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Definition
| HANDWASHING (women who had babies delivered by residents vs midwives) |
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Term
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Definition
| ANTISEPTIC TECHNIQUE (spray wound with CARBOLIC ACID) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
INFECTION CONTROL
EPIDEMIOLOGY (cholera in public water supply) |
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Term
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Definition
VACCINE/VACCINIA (those with cowpox survived smallpox)
IMMUNOLOGY |
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Term
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Definition
MAGIC BULLETS (chemicals that destroy disease)
chemotherapy |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. To prove that a bacteria is the source of infection, the same bacteria must be found in all the sick individuals
2. Causative agent must be cultured and grown outside host
3. When the bacteria is introduced to healthy hosts, the hosts must get sick
4. Same bacteria must be found in the new host, as in the original host |
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Term
| Why are Koch's 4 postulates not always applicable? |
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Definition
1. It is not possible to grow all bacteria outside the human body
2. Some diseases are caused by a group of pathogens, not just one
3. One bacteria can cause a variety of diseases
4. A bacteria might make someone sick, but not someone else |
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Term
| Based on how pathogenic they are, enumerate four classes of bacteria |
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Definition
1. Pathogenic - causes disease in most individuals
2. Opportunistic: cause disease if found in a different site
3. Normal flora
4. Saprophytic- eat dead matter; not pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
1. clean out environment (bioremediation)
2. production of medicine & vitamins
3. Bacterial gene engineering, to produce a certain substance or manifest a certain feature |
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