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Chapter 13
Vocabulary required by my teacher for Chapter 13 in the Campbell Biology Book
29
Biology
11th Grade
04/26/2012

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Term
alternation of generations
Definition
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
Term
autosome
Definition
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.
Term
chiasma
Definition
The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
Term
clone
Definition
A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells
Term
crossing over
Definition
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
Term
diploid cell
Definition
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
Term
fertilization
Definition
The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
Term
gametophyte
Definition
In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
Term
gene
Definition
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Term
genetics
Definition
The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
Term
haploid cell
Definition
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
Term
heredity
Definition
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
Term
karyotype
Definition
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Term
life cycle
Definition
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
Term
locus
Definition
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
Term
meiosis
Definition
A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
Term
meiosis I
Definition
The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
Term
meiosis II
Definition
The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
Term
recombinant chromosome
Definition
A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.
Term
sex chromosome
Definition
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
Term
spore
Definition
In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitotically, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell.
Term
sporophyte
Definition
In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
Term
synapsis
Definition
The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
Term
tetrad
Definition
A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. Formed during prophase I of meiosis.
Term
variation
Definition
Differences between members of the same species.
Term
zygote
Definition
The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg.
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