Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 13
Chapter 13 Vocabulary, Terms
35
Biology
9th Grade
01/27/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Selective Breeding

 

Definition
A form of evolution controlled by humans, a selecting of the best traits for an organism.
Term
Hybridization
Definition
crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.
Term
Inbreeding
Definition
The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.
Term
Termed polyploid cells may . . .
Definition
May produce cells that have double and triple the normal number of choromosomes; termed polyploid cells.
Term
Polyploidy is usually fatal in _____ but not in _____.
Definition
Polyploidy is usually fatal in animal cells but not in plants.
Term
Polyploidy may instantly produce a new species of . . . 
Definition
Polyploidy may instantly produce new species of plants, often larger and stronger than diploids.
Term
Nearly all domestic animals and most crop plants have been produced by _____________.
Definition
Nearly all domestic animals and most crop plants have been produced by a selective breeding.
Term
In the 1900's, who created over 800 varieties of plants?
Definition
in the 1900's, Luther Burbank created over 800 varieties of plants.
Term
Manipulating DNA techniques? (4)
Definition

Manipulating DNA techniques: 

1. Extract DNA

2. Cut DNA into smaller pieces

3. Identify the sequences of DNA

4. Make copies of DNA

Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition
making changes in the DNA code
Term
Restriction Enzymes are used....
Definition
Restriction Enzymes are used to cut DNA into pieces
Term
DNA is seperated by ___________.
Definition
Dna is seperated by gel electrophoresis
Term
Gel electrophoresis
Definition
A mixture of DNA fragements is placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel.
Term
When the power is turned on in electriphoresis, what happens to the DNA molecules? What charge do they have? What charge does the gel have?
Definition
When the power is turned on, DNA molecules, which are negatively charged, move toward the positive end of the gel.
Term
Smaller fragements move....
Definition
The smaller fragements move faster and farther
Term
Electrophoresis can be used to compare ______, or ____ ________, of different organisms or different __________.
Definition
Can be used to compare the genomes, or gene composition, of different organisms or different individuals
Term

Electrophoresis can be used to locate and identify what?

 

Definition
Can also be used to locate and identify one particular gene out of the tens of thousands of genes in an individuals geonome
Term
Recombinant DNA
Definition
DNA produced by combining the DNA from different sources
Term
STEPS OF PCR
Definition

STEPS OF PCR:

1. add a primer to the end of the DNA being copied (complementary DNA)

2. The strand is heated to break the hydrogen bonds (between bases)

3, DNA Polymerase III will start making copies of the bases between the primers

4. The copies can now serve as templates, allowing millions of copies to be made.

 

 

Term
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): 
Definition
Is used to make copies of DNA. DISCOVERED BY KARY MULLINS
Term
Plasmid
Definition
circular DNA found in bacteria, very useful in DNA transfers.
Term
2 Steps of Plasmid:
Definition

1. Has a DNA sequence that helps promote plasmid replication

2. Has a genetic marker: a gene that makes it possible to determine original DNA from foreign DNA

Term
Transgenic 
Definition
contain genes from other species
Term
Transgenic Microorganisms:
Definition
Bacteria. Add human genes to make INSULIN and GROWTH HORMONE
Term
Adding human genes to MICE:
Definition
Use them to study human diseases
Term
Adding human genes to PIGS:
Definition
use them for replacement tissues and organs
Term
Adding human genes to CATTLE
Definition
to take the E-Colo out of their digestive system.
Term
Adding human genes to CHICKEN
Definition
Provide resistence to bacterial infection
Term
Transgenic Plants
Definition
Genetically Modified
Term
Genetically modified adds genes to #1
Definition

1. have a natural insectide

2. resistance to weeds.

3. maybe able to produce antibodies

Term
Genetically modified adds genes to #2:
Definition

4. resistance to rot and spoilage

5. maybe able to produce plastics

6. contain vitamins and nutrients

Term
CLONE
Definition
a group of genetically identical cells; and individual produced by a single cell.
Term
Cloning MAY help....
Definition
to create a transgenic animals or help save endangered species
Term
Cloned animals may suffer from . . .
Definition
number of genetic defects and health problems.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!