Term
| What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue? |
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Definition
-attached to skeleton (fucking duh)
- striated
- voluntary
- contracts rapidly
- tires easily
- extremely adaptable
- can exert force ranging from a fraction of an ounce to over 70 lbs. (unlimited power for Chuck Norris)
- each muscle is an organ made of muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue
- muscle fibers extend the entire length of a muscle |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of smooth muscle? |
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Definition
- in walls of hollow organs (stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory)
- forces food/other substances through internal body channels
- not striated
- involuntary
- sarcoplasmic reticulum is less developed
- NO sarcomeres
- NO transverse tubules
- calcium is sequester in the ECF, which allows for a rapid influx when channels are opened
- can divide (hyperplasia) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle? |
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Definition
- found in the walls of the heart (again, duh)
- striated
- involuntary
- contractions maintained by Sinoatrial (SA) node - "pacemaker"
- neural controls allow heart to rspond to changes in bodily needs (para)sympathetic
- thin filaments have troponin and tropomyosin
- cross bridge activity initiated like skeletal muscle
- calcium enters cell from ECF which leads to SR release of calcium
- cells connected via gap junctions |
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Term
| What are the primary functions of skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
- moves the skeleton
- produces heat |
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Term
| What is the primary function of cardiac muscle? |
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Definition
| - pumps blood (Do you really need a flashcard for this question, dumbass?) |
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Term
| What are the primary functions for smooth muscle? |
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Definition
- propels blood, food, and urine through the body
- mixes food in the stomach |
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Term
| What are the four functional characteristics of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
- excitability (be able to receive/respond to internal/external stimuli)
- contractility (shorten forcibly)
- extensibility (stretch or extend)
- elasticity (recoil; resume original resting length) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the functional unit of muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different bands and zones of a sarcomere? |
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Definition
- A band (dark) - myosin (thick) filaments with parts of actin (thin)
- H zone - middle of the A band; actin does not reach
- M line - vertical center of A band
- I band (liht) - part of actin that does not project into A band |
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Term
| Which protein makes up the thick filaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which protein makes up the thin filaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three binding sites of troponin? |
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Definition
- tropomyosin
- actin
- calcium ion (Ca2+) |
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Term
| To what does the phrase "power stroke" refer? |
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Definition
| The phrase "power stroke" refers to when myosin and actin contact to "pull the trigger." Inorganic phosphate is released during the power stroke. |
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Term
| After the action potential travels along the sarcolemma (plasma membrane of muscle cells), where else will the AP travel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation contraction coupling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of calcium ions in the contraction of skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
| Calcium in the cytosol binds with troponin, thereby exposing myosin-binding sites). Without calcium, troponin and tropomyosin resume their blocking role. |
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Term
| What energizes the cross bridge cycle? |
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Definition
| ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and inorganic phosphate at ATPase site; the energy from this reaction places the myosin cross bridges into a cocked position. |
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Term
| What is the end result after a cross bridge cycle? |
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Definition
- The addition of a new ATP to myosin cross bridges detaches them from actin.
- Cross bridges return to their original shape for a repeat of the cycle. |
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Term
| In order for skeletal muscle to relax, what ion must be removed from the ICF? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where must the calcium be pumped to in order for skeletal muscle to relax? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which conditions can lead to fatigue of a muscle? |
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Definition
- ATP production is less than ATP use
- accumulation of lactic acid
- ionic imbalances |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen debt is the extra amount of O2 that is needed for the restorative processes |
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