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| All the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for their personal, nonbusiness use |
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| A business whose sales come primarily from retailing |
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| Using point-of-sale promotions and advertising to extend brand equity to "the last mile" and encourage favorable in-store purchase decisions |
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| A store much larger than a regular supermarket that offers a large assortment of routinely purchased food products, nonfood items, and services |
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| A giant specialty store that carries a very deep assortment of a particular line |
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| A retailer whose product line is actually a service; examples include hotels, airlines, banks, colleges, and many others |
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| A retail operation that sells standard merchandise at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling at higher volume |
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| A retailer that buys at less-than-regular wholesale prices and sells at less than retail |
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| Independent off-price retailer |
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| An off-price retailer that is either independently owned and run or is a division of a larger retail corporation |
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| An off-price retailing operation that is owned and operated by a manufacturer and normally carries the manufacturer's surplus, discontinues, or irregular goods |
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| An off-price retailer that sells a limited selection of brand name grocery items, appliances, clothing, and other goods at deep discounts to members who pay annual membership fees |
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| Two or more outlets that are commonly owned and controlled |
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| A contractual association between a manufacturer, wholesaler, or service organization (a franchisor) and independent businesspeople (franchisees) who buy the right to own and operate one or more units in the franchise system |
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| A group of retail business built on a site that is planned, developed, owned, and managed as a unit |
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| A concept that suggests new types of retailers usually begin as low-margin, low-price, low-status operations but later evolve into higher priced, higher service operations, eventually becoming like the conventional retailers they replaced |
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