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Definition
| The brain's strict policy of "use it or lose it". The frequently used connections are preserved; the unused ones decay and disappear. |
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| Biologically determined time periods, in which people/animals are able to acquire specific skills and specific kinds of knowledge |
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Definition
| Specific points in development at which some skills or kinds of knowledge are learned most easily |
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| Harry Harlow on Surrogate Mother/ Monkeys |
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Definition
| established physical contact comfort of mothers is more important than the mother-as-food-theory of mother/child attachment. |
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Definition
| - Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages. Piaget believed each stage built upon the previous one through two learning processes: |
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| The process through which a new experience is incorporated in an existing schema. |
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| The process through which a schema is adapted or expanded to include the new experience. (different than chapter 5's version) |
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| ways of thinking, conceptual models of how the world works. |
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| Sensorimotor Stage (birth to two years) |
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Definition
- acquiring information only through their senses.
- Differentiates self from objects
- Recognizes self as agent of action and beings to act intentionally; for example, pulls a string to set a mobile in motion or shakes a rattle to make a noise
- Achieves object permanence: realizes that things continue to exist even when no longer present to the senses. |
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Definition
| the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is hidden from view. |
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| Preoperational Stage (two to seven years) |
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Definition
| children can think about objects not in their immediate view and have developed various conceptual models how the world works. Symbolic thinking: example, taking a stick and pretending it's a gun. Reason is based on appearance rather than logic. |
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Term
| Concrete operational (7 to 12 years) |
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Definition
Third stage, which children being to think about and understand operations in ways that are reversible.
- Can think logically about objects and events
- Achieves conservation of number, mass and weight
- Classifies objects by several features and can order them in a series along a single dimension, such as size. |
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Definition
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| Formal Operational Stage (abstract thinking) (12 years to adulthood) |
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Definition
Final stage that involves the ability to think abstractly and to formulate and test hypotheses through deductive logic.
- Can think logically about abstract propositions and test hypotheses systematically
- Becomes concerned with the hypothetical, the future and ideological problems. |
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Definition
| The tendency for children to speak using rudimentary sentences that are missing words and grammatical markings, but follow a logical syntax. |
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Definition
| Innate mechanism to learn language |
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Term
| language acquisition device (LAD) |
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Definition
this contains universal grammar, but exposure to a native language narrows down which grammatical rules a person learns. Environmental influence on language/speech development.
Also used deep structure ;) which is the implicit meanings of a sentence. |
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Definition
| Personal beliefs about whether one is male or female |
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Definition
| The characteristics associated with males and females because of cultural influence or learning. |
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