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| cerebral cortex (cerebrum) |
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| voluntary functions and movement, seat of consciousness, bulk of human brain |
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| pathways that convey to the periphery motor commands |
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| sensation arising from stimulation of the surface of the body (temperature, pain, touch) |
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| sensation such as muscle tension, muscle length, joint position sense, muscle pain, pressure, vibration |
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| sensation related to pain, thermal sensation, and mechanical stimulation |
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| sensation such as changes in joints/muscles (stretching feeling) |
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| joint sense, ability to sense change in the body's position |
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| a neurochemical connection within the cns |
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| sensors that monitor a change in a body's position or the position of its parts (muscle/joint sensors, muscle spindles, Golgi Tendon Organs) |
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| central nervous system (CNS) |
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| includes brain and spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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| consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves as well as sensory receptors |
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| governs involuntary activities of the visceral muscles or viscera, glandular secretions, heart/digestive function |
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| governs voluntary bodily function |
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| subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that responds to stimulation through energy expenditure |
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| subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that responds to stimulation through energy conservation |
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| nerves that carry toward the cns |
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| nerves that carry away from cns |
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| communicating tissue of the nervous system |
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| cells that provide nutrients and support to neurons; perform phagocytosis, and produce myelin |
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| stimulation that causes an increase of activity of the tissue stimulated |
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| stimulation of a neuron that reduces the neuron's output |
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| white fatty wrapping around the neuron that increases the speed of nerve impulses |
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| produces myelin in the PNS |
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| produces myelin in the CNS |
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| compounds responsible for activating the next neuron in a chain of neurons |
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| neuron "upstream" from the synapse that stimulate other neurons |
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| neuron "downstream" from the synapse that receives stimulation from another neuron |
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| sites on neuron that receives neurotransmitters |
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| neuron that provides communication between other neurons |
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| efferent nature, bipolar, activate muscular/glandular response, long axons that are myelinated |
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| afferent nature, receives sensation |
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| how fast a neuron can conduct an impulse |
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| a pooling of blood in the brain |
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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| cns fluid that provides a cushion for the delicate and dense neural tissue as well as some nutrient delivery and waste removal |
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| system of spaces within the brain through which CSF flows |
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| aggregate of tissue that produces CSF |
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| "mountains" of the brain's surface |
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| "valleys" of the brain's surface |
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| a deep groove in the brain's surface |
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| contralateral innervation |
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| the wiring of the brain that causes motor function of the left and right side to be intended to the right and left side of the body |
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| information superhighway of the brain that provides communication concerning sensation and memory among the diverse regions of the two hemisphere by means of myelinated fibers |
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| region of the corpus callosum connecting different hemisphere's of the brain |
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| the degeneration of myelin from the neuron |
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| fibers that run from the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord that connect the cortex with distant locations |
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| fibers that provide communication between regions of the same hemisphere |
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| fibers that run from one location on a hemisphere to the corresponding location on the other hemisphere |
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| group of cell bodies that are related to the contraol of background movement and the initiation of movement patterns |
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| thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus |
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| final, common relay for sensory information directed toward the cerebral cortex, all sensation with the exception of olffaction passes through, only pain and maybe temperature is percieved there |
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| reticular activating system |
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| arises from the thalamus is functional system responsible for arousing the cortex and perhaps for focusing cortical regions to heightened awareness |
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| provides the organizational structure for the limbic system, regulates reproductive behavior and physiology, desire or perception of food/water, perception of satiation, control of digestive processes and metabolic functions |
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| largest component of hindbrain, responsible for coordinating motor commands with sensory inputs to control movement, motor memory, cognitive processing |
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| superior cerebellar peduncle |
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| middle cerebellar peduncle |
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| inferior cerebellar peduncle |
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