Term
| Name the pathology term: failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV nolde to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) |
|
Definition
| bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: Very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: Abnormalities in the heart at birth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term of congenital anomaly: narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta. |
|
Definition
| coarctation of the aorta (CoA) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term of congenital anomaly: passageway (ductus arteriosus)between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth. |
|
Definition
| patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term of congenital anomaly: Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term of congenital anomaly: congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood |
|
Definition
| congestive heart failure (CHF) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
|
Definition
| coronary artery disease (CAD) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: high blood pressure affecting the heart. |
|
Definition
| hypertensive heart disease |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
|
Definition
| improper closure of the mitral valve |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: extra heart sound, heard between normal beats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: heart disease caused by rheumatic fever. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb. |
|
Definition
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: high blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs. |
|
Definition
| peripheral arterial disease (PAD) |
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pathology term: Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the laboratory test: measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the laboratory test: chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the laboratory test: measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample. |
|
Definition
| lipid tests (lipid profile) |
|
|
Term
| Name the laboratory test: lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample. |
|
Definition
| lipoprotein electrophoresis |
|
|
Term
| Name the clinical procedure: X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the clinical procedure: three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography |
|
Definition
| computed tomography angiography (CTA) |
|
|
Term
| Name the clinical procedure: video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels. |
|
Definition
| digital subtraction angiography (DSA) |
|
|
Term
| Name the clinical procedure: electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD. |
|
Definition
| electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT) |
|
|
Term
| Name the ultrasound examination: sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels. |
|
Definition
| Doppler ultrasound studies |
|
|
Term
| Name the ultrasound examination: echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the nuclear cardiology test: images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose |
|
Definition
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan |
|
|
Term
| Name the nuclear cardiology test: Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning. |
|
Definition
| technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan |
|
|
Term
| Name the nuclear cardiology test: concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the test: images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field. |
|
Definition
| cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) |
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: recording of electricity flowing though the heart. |
|
Definition
| electrocardiography (ECG) |
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages. |
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) |
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired |
|
Definition
| extracorporeal circulation |
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: a donor heart is transferred to a recipient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place |
|
Definition
| percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) |
|
|
Term
| Name the procedure: drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AAA |
|
Definition
| abdominal aortic aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ACE inhibitor |
|
Definition
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ACLS |
|
Definition
| advanced cardiac life support; CPR plus drugs and defibrillation |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ACS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ADP |
|
Definition
| adenosine diphospate; ADP blockers are used to prevent cardiovascular related death, heart attack, and strokes and after all stent procedures |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AED |
|
Definition
| automatic external defibrillator |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AF, a-fib |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AICD |
|
Definition
| automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AMI |
|
Definition
| acute myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ARVD |
|
Definition
| arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ASD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AV, A-V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation AVR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation BBB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation BNP |
|
Definition
| brain natriuretic peptide; elevated in congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation BP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CABG |
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass grafting |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CCU |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation Cath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CK |
|
Definition
| creatine kinase; released into the bloodstream after injury to heart or skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CoA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CPR |
|
Definition
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CRT |
|
Definition
| cardiac resynchronization therapy; biventricular pacing |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CTNI, cTnI, CTNT, cTnT |
|
Definition
| cardiac troponin-I and cardiac troponin-T; troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream after myocardial injury |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation CV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation DES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation DSA |
|
Definition
| digital subraction angiography |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation DVT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ECMO |
|
Definition
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ECG, EKG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ECHO |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation EF |
|
Definition
| ejection fraction; measure of the amount of blood that pumps out of the heart with each beat. |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation EPS |
|
Definition
| electrophysiology study; electrode catheters are inserted into veins and threaded into the heart and electrical conduction is measured (tachycardias are provoked and analyzed) |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ETT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ETT-MIBI |
|
Definition
| exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer (sestamibi) scan |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation HDL |
|
Definition
| high-density lipoprotein; high blood levels are associated with lower incidence of coronary artery disease |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation HTN |
|
Definition
| hypertension (high blood pressure) |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation IABP |
|
Definition
| intra-aortic balloon pump; used to support patients in cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation ICD |
|
Definition
| implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation LAD |
|
Definition
| left anterior descending (coronary artery) |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation LDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation LMWH |
|
Definition
| low-molecular-weight heparin |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation LV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation LVAD |
|
Definition
| left ventricular hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation MI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation MR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation MUGA |
|
Definition
| multiple-gated acquisition scan; a radioactive test of heart function |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation MVP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation NSR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation NSTEMI |
|
Definition
| non-ST elevation myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation PAC |
|
Definition
| premature atrial contraction |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation PAD |
|
Definition
| peripheral arterial disease |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation PCI |
|
Definition
| percutaneous coronary intervention |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation PDA |
|
Definition
| patent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending artery |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation PVC |
|
Definition
| premature ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation SA, S-A node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation SCD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation SOB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation SPECT |
|
Definition
| single photon emission computed tomography; used for myocardial imaging with sestamibi scans |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation SSCP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation STEMI |
|
Definition
| ST elevation myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation SVT |
|
Definition
| supraventricular tachycardia; rapid heartbeats arising from the atria and causing palpitations, SOB, and dizziness |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation Tc |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation TEE |
|
Definition
| transesophageal echocardiography |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation TGA |
|
Definition
| transposition of the great arteries |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation tPA |
|
Definition
| tissue-type plasminogen activator; a drug used to prevent thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation UA |
|
Definition
| unstable angina; chest pain at rest or of increasing frequency |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation VF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation VSD |
|
Definition
| ventricular septal defect |
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation VT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expand the abbreviation WPW |
|
Definition
| Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; an abnormal ECG pattern often associated with paroxysmal tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Give a short answer: types of drugs used to treat acute coronary syndromes include ______________________ |
|
Definition
| beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, aspirin, calcium channel blockers |
|
|
Term
| Give a short answer: when damaged valves in veins fail to prevent the backflow of blood, a condition (swollen, twisted vein) that results is ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give a short answer: swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region are called ___________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Give a short answer: name the four defects in tetralogy of Fallot from their descriptions:
a. narrowing of the artery leading to the lungs from the heart _________
b. gap in the wall between the ventricles ________________________
c. the large vessel leading fromthe left ventricle moves over the interventricular septum ________________
d. excessive development of the wall of the right lower heart chamber. _____________ |
|
Definition
a. pulmonary artery stenosis
b. ventricular septal defect
c. shift of the aorta to the right
d. hypertrophy of the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: surgical removal of plaque from the inner lining of an artery _______________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: application of brief electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: measurement of levels of fatty substances (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the bloodstream. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: measurement of the heart's response to physical exertion (patient monitored while jogging on a treadmill) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: measurement of troponin-T and troponin-I after myocardial infarction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: injection of contrast into vessels and x-ray imaging ______________________ |
|
Definition
| angiography (arteriography) |
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: recording of the elctricity in the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: intravenous injection of a radioactive substance and measurement of its accumulation in heart muscle __________________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: use of echoes from high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: separation of HDL and LDL from a blood sample |
|
Definition
| lipoprotein electrophoresis |
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: anastomosis of vessel grafts to existing coronary arteries to maintain blood supply to the myocardium |
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass graft |
|
|
Term
| Give the test or procedure: beaming of magnetic waves at the heart to produce images of its structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term digital subtraction angiography |
|
Definition
| Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray pictures of blood vessels by taking two pictures (without and with contrast) and subtracting the first image (without contrast) from the second |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term heart transplantation |
|
Definition
| A donor heart is transferred to a recipient |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term ETT-MIBI |
|
Definition
| Exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer scan |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term Doppler ultrasound |
|
Definition
| An instrument that focuses sound waves on a blood vessel to measure blood flow. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term Holter monitoring |
|
Definition
| A compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term thrombolytic therapy |
|
Definition
| treatment with drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart attack. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term extracorporeal circulation |
|
Definition
| A heart-lung machine is used to divert blood from the heart and lungs during surgery. The machine oxygenates the blood and sends it back into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term cardiac catheterization |
|
Definition
| A catheter (tube) is inserted into an artery or vein and threaded into the heart chambers. Contrast can be injected to take x-ray pictures, patterns of blood flow can be detected, and blood pressures can be measured. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term percutaneous coronary intervention |
|
Definition
| A balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term drug-eluting stent |
|
Definition
| Stents are expandable slotted tubes that are placed in arteries during PCI. They release polymers that prevent plaque from reforming. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term electron beam computed tomography |
|
Definition
| Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose CAD. |
|
|
Term
| Give the meaning for the term computed tomography angiography |
|
Definition
| X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries obtained using CT technology. |
|
|
Term
| Identify this cardiac dysrhythmia from the abbreviation AF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify this cardiac dysrhythmia from the abbreviation VT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify this cardiac dysrhythmia from the abbreviation VF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify this cardiac dysrhythmia from the abbreviation PVC |
|
Definition
| premature ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
| Identify this cardiac dysrhythmia from the abbreviation PAC |
|
Definition
| premature atrial contraction |
|
|
