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Chapter 11
genetics
21
Biology
11th Grade
03/15/2010

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Term
carrier
Definition
individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder
Term
Cystic fibrosis
Definition
common in white people, affects mucus-producing glans, digestive enzymes, and sweat glans, don't absorb chloride ions
Term
albinism
Definition
absence of the skin pigment melanin in hair and eyes, white hair and pink pupils
Term
Tay-sachs disease
Definition
chromosome 15, cherry red spot on back of eye, absence of enzymes responsible for breaking down fatty acids, mental deterioration
Term
Galactosemia
Definition
cannot digest galactose
Term
Huntingtons disease
Definition
affects nervouse system, nt, brain loss, first appears in 30's and 50's
Term
achondroplasia
Definition
small body and short limbs
Term
pedigree
Definition
diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations
Term
incomplete nce
Definition
heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phentype between the two homozygous phenotypes
Term
Codominance
Definition
complex inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition
Term
sickle-cell disease
Definition
affects red blood cells and their ability to transport oxygen
Term
multiple alleles
Definition
more than two alleles, increases the possible number of geno and phenotypes
Term
epistasis
Definition
1 allele hides the effects of another allele
Term
autosomes
Definition
22 pairs of chromosomes that hold genetic information but do not determine the
Term
dosage compensation
Definition
one x chromonsome in the female body stops working
Term
barrbodies
Definition
darkly stained inactiviated x chromosome only found in females
Term
- ed traits
Definition
traits controlled by genes located on the x chromosome, colorblindness
Term
polygenic trait
Definition
interaction of multiple pairs of genes
Term
karyotype
Definition
micrograph produced from pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size
Term
telomere
Definition
protective caps chromosomes end that consists of dna and proteins
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
cell division during which sister chromatids fail to seperate properly
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