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Founding of Tenochtitlan
Aztec Empire becomes dominant power in Mesoamerica |
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Gutenberg invents printing press
Founding of Tenochtitlan |
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Hernán Cortés conquers Aztecs
Founding of Spanish empire in what is now Mexico |
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Henry VIII breaks with Rome
Henry becomes the leader of a new English Church |
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| The name given by scientists to the first inhabitants of the Americas, an Ice Age people who survived largely by hunting big game, and to a lesser extent by fishing and collecting edible plants. |
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| Period beginning approximately 9,000 years ago lasting an estimated 6,000 years. It was marked by more intensive efforts by ancient societies to shape the environment to enhance food production. |
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| Led by the Mexica tribe, the Aztec created a powerful empire whose capital, the great city of Tenochtitlán, was built on an island in Lake Texcoco in 1325 CE. |
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| An economic system in which the market economy determines the prices of goods and services. |
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| Individuals who advocated a revival of ancient learning, particularly ancient Greek and Roman thought, and encouraged greater attention to secular topics including a new emphasis on the study of humanity. |
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The movement for religious reform started by
Martin Luther. |
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A tribunal devoted to finding and punishing
heresy and rooting out Spain’s Jews and Muslims. |
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| The term used by modern scholars to describe the biological encounter between the two sides of the Atlantic, including the movement of plants, animals, and diseases. |
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| An English settlement or fortified outpost in a foreign land dedicated to producing agricultural products for export. (Later the term would become synonymous with a distinctive slave-based labor system used in much of the Atlantic world.) |
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A form of state-sponsored piracy, usually
directed against Spanish treasure fleets returning from the Americas. |
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Publication of the Geneva Bible
English Protestant exiles living in
Switzerland publish the Geneva
Bible, which becomes the central
text for English Calvinists. |
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English establish colony of Roanoke on North Carolina’s Outer Banks
England’s first permanent settlement
in America fails, and no trace is found of the settlers when new supplies are brought to the colony |
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English defeat Spanish Armada
England defeats Spain, challenging Spanish dominance of the Atlantic world |
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Quebec founded
France’s major settlement in North America established |
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