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chapter 11
biology
26
Biology
9th Grade
10/04/2009

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Term
genetics
Definition
scientific study of heredity
Term
fertilization
Definition
process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Term
true-breeding
Definition
term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate
Term
trait
Definition
specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
Term
hybrid
Definition
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Term
gene
Definition
sequence of DNA that codes for protein and thus determines a trait
Term
allele
Definition
one of a number of different forms of a gene
Term
segregation
Definition
separation of alleles during gamete formation
Term
gamete
Definition
specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Term
probability
Definition
likelihood that a particular event will occur
Term
Punnett square
Definition
diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
Term
homozygous
Definition
term used to refer to an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a particular trait
Term
heterozygous
Definition
term used to refer to an organism that has 2 different alleles for the same trait
Term
phenotype
Definition
physical characteristics of an organism
Term
genotype
Definition
genetic makeup of organism
Term
independent assortment
Definition
independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
Term
codominance
Definition
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
Term
multiple alleles
Definition
3 or more alleles of the same gene
Term
polygenic trait
Definition
trait controlled by 2 or more genes
Term
homologous
Definition
term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from them opposite-sex parent
Term
diploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Term
haploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that conatins only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
Term
meiosis
Definition
process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Term
tetrad
Definition
structure containing 4 chromatids that form during meiosis
Term
crossing-over
Definition
process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
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