Details

Title: Chapter 11

Description: DNA and the Language of Life

Total Flash Cards: 13

Created: 05/10/2010 21:06:26

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Term
Virus
 Definition

Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat

  • reproduce by infecting a living cell w/ its genetic material
Term
Bacterlophage
 Definition
virus that infects bacteria
Term
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 Definition
where heritable genetic information is stored
Term
nucleotides
 Definition

building blocks of nucleic acid monomers

  1. ring shaped sugars called deoxyribose
  2. phosphate group (1phosphate w/ 4oxygen atoms)
  3. nitrogen base
Term
pyrimidines
 Definition

single-ring structures

  • T thymine
  • C cytosine
Term
purines
 Definition

double-ring structures

 

  • A adenine
  • G guanine

 
Term
double helix
 Definition
twisting shape where two strands of nucleotides intertwine.
Term
DNA replication
 Definition

enzymes link nucleotides together to form daughter cells
Term
DNA polymerases
 Definition
make covalent bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strand
Term
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
 Definition

any nucleic acid whose sugar is ribose and not deoxyribose

  • has a nitrogenous base of uracil (U) that paris w/ adenine
  • forms single strand
Term
transcription
 Definition
DNA's nucleotide sequence converts to single-stranded RNA
Term
translation
 Definition

converts nucleic acid to amino acid

  • based on codons
Term
codon
 Definition

three bases that code one amino acid

  • several form polypeptide