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- Empirical Science
- Nature & Nurture are Intertwined
- Brain & Mind are Inseparable
- New Biological Revolution is Energizing Research
- The Mind is Adaptive
- 4 levels of Analysis
- Unawareness of the influences on how we think feel & Act |
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- Scientific Method
- Need to be able to distinguish between good/bad science |
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| - needed & as equally important |
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| Brain & Mind are inseparable |
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- Rene Descartes (1600s) dualism - mind & body are separate yet intertwined
-PSY rejects dualism - the mind is what the brain does |
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| - brain works through neurotransmitters and communicate through between cells |
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| - basic genetic code of the human body, genes affect people's behaviour |
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| Watching the Working Brain |
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| - Neuroscience helped to relate brain activity to PSY & localize certain functions of the brain |
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| - Minds shaped by evolution |
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- Biological
-Individual
- Social
- Cultural |
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Definition
| - focuses on brain systems, neurochemistry, and genetics |
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| - focuses on individual differences, perception & behaviour |
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| - focuses on our interpersonal behaviour & social cognition |
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| - Culture thoughts, actions & behaviours |
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| Unawareness of influences |
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| - how events, memories, the environment etc. can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours |
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- Psychology as the scientific study of conscious experience
- given the honour of formally founding experimental psychology |
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- student of Wundt
- more interested in describing conscious experience than explaining it |
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Term
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Definition
| - theory of natural selection played a significant role in the development of both functionalism and behaviourism |
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Term
| William James & functionalism |
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Definition
-wanted to understand the function of the mind
- accepted both mental processes & behaviours as legitimate subject matter for psychology
- stream of conscious vs. static elements (consciousness was personal, continuous, constantly changing, functional, and could not be divided up for analysis) |
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| Behaviourism (John Watson) |
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| - believed the goal of psychology should be the prediction and control of behaviour |
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- the unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behaviour
- conflicted with the current focus of psychologists on observable behaviour |
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| Humanism ( Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow) |
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Definition
- revolted both psychoanalytic theory and behaviourism - seen as unappealing & dehumanizing
- emphasizes unique qualities of humans, their freedom & potential for personal growth |
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| - mental functions were important for understanding behaviour (revolution) |
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| - the study of how people think, learn, and remember (mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge) |
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| - Interrelations among mind, body & behaviour |
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-research on cell assemblies
- focus on the biological basis of behaviour highlighted the important of physiological and neuropsychological perspectives
- contemporary developments in cognition and neuroscience |
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| - an approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components or elements |
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| - an approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behaviour |
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| - a psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behaviour |
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| - psychological approach that emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. |
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