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Chapter 1 - An Introduction to Netwroking - Key Terms
Network + Guide to Networks, 5th Edition
62
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
05/10/2013

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Term
A+
Definition
The professional certification established by CompTIA that verifies knowledge about PC operation, repair, and management.
Term
address
Definition
A number that uniquely identifies each workstation and device on a network. Without unique addresses, computers on the network could not reliably communicate.
Term
address management
Definition
The process of centrally administering a finite number of network addresses for an entire LAN. Usually this task can be accomplished without touching the client workstations.
Term
addressing
Definition
The scheme for assigning a unique identifying number to every workstation and device on the network. The type of addressing used on a network depends on its protocols and network operating system.
Term
asset management
Definition
The process of collecting and storing data on the number and types of software and hardware assets in an organization’s network. The data collection is automated by electronically examining each network client from a server.
Term
backbone
Definition
The part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices (such as routers, switches, and servers) connect. A backbone is sometimes referred to as “a network of networks,” because of its role in interconnecting smaller parts of a LAN or WAN.
Term
backing up
Definition
The process of copying critical data files to a secure storage area. Often, backups are performed according to a formulaic schedule.
Term
CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert)
Definition
An elite certification that recognizes expert-level installation, configuration, management, and troubleshooting skills on networks that use a range of Cisco Systems’ devices.
Term
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)
Definition
A professional certification that attests to one’s skills in installing, configuring, maintaining, and troubleshooting medium-sized networks that use Cisco Systems’ switches and routers.
Term
certification
Definition
The process of mastering material pertaining to a particular hardware system, operating system, programming language, or other software program, then proving your mastery by passing a series of exams.
Term
client
Definition
A computer on the network that requests resources or services from another computer on a network. In some cases, a client could also act as a server. May also refer to the user of a client workstation or a client software application installed on the workstation.
Term
client/server architecture
Definition
A network design in which clients (typically desktop or laptop computers) use a centrally administered server to share data, data storage space, and devices.
Term
client/server network
Definition
A network that uses centrally administered computers, known as servers, to enable resource sharing for and to facilitate communication between the other computers on the network.
Term
CompTIA (Computing Technology Industry Association)
Definition
An association of computer resellers, manufacturers, and training companies that sets industry-wide standards for computer professionals. CompTIA established and sponsors the A+ and Network+ (Net+) certifications.
Term
connectivity device
Definition
One of several types of specialized devices that allows two or more networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data.
Term
convergence
Definition
The use of data networks to carry voice (or telephone), video, and other communications services in addition to data.
Term
data packet
Definition
A discrete unit of information sent from one node on a network to another.
Term
file server
Definition
A specialized server that enables clients to share applications and data across
the network.
Term
file services
Definition
The functions of a file server that allow users to share data files, applications, and storage areas.
Term
host
Definition
A computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network.
Term
Internet
Definition
A complex WAN that connects LANs and clients around the globe.
Term
Internet services
Definition
The services that enable a network to communicate with the Internet, including World Wide Web servers and browsers, file transfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, and a means for directly logging on to other computers.
Term
LAN (local area network)
Definition
A network of computers and other devices that is confined to a relatively small space, such as one building or even one office.
Term
license tracking
Definition
The process of determining the number of copies of a single application that are currently in use on the network and whether the number in use exceeds the authorized number of licenses.
Term
load balancing
Definition
The process of distributing data transfer activity evenly across a network so that no single device is overwhelmed.
Term
mail server
Definition
A server that manages the storage and transfer of e-mail messages.
Term
mail services
Definition
The network services that manage the storage and transfer of e-mail between users on a network. In addition to sending, receiving, and storing mail, mail services can include filtering, routing, notification, scheduling, and data exchange with other mail servers.
Term
MAN (metropolitan area network)
Definition
A network that is larger than a LAN, typically connecting clients and servers from multiple buildings, but within a limited geographic area. For example, a MAN could connect multiple city government buildings around a city’s center.
Term
management services
Definition
The network services that centrally administer and simplify complicated management tasks on the network. Examples of management services include license tracking, security auditing, asset management, address management, software distribution, traffic monitoring, load balancing, and hardware diagnosis.
Term
MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer
Definition
A professional certification established by Microsoft that demonstrates in-depth knowledge about Microsoft products.
Term
motherboard
Definition
The main circuit board that controls a computer.
Term
network
Definition
A group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connected by and can exchange data via some type of transmission media, such as a cable, a wire, or the atmosphere.
Term
Network+ (Net+)
Definition
The professional certification established by CompTIA that verifies broad, vendor-independent networking technology skills, such as an understanding of protocols, topologies, networking hardware, and network troubleshooting.
Term
network services
Definition
The functions provided by a network.
Term
NIC (network interface card)
Definition
The device that enables a workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers. NICs are manufactured by several different companies and come with a variety of specifications that are tailored to the workstation’s and the network’s requirements. NICs are also called network adapters.
Term
node
Definition
A computer or other device connected to a network, which has a unique address and is capable of sending or receiving data.
Term
NOS (network operating system)
Definition
The software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The most popular network operating systems are Microsoft Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server, and Windows Server 2003, UNIX, Linux, and Novell NetWare.
Term
peer-to-peer network (P2P Network)
Definition
A network in which every computer can communicate directly with every other computer. By default, no computer on a peer-to-peer network has more authority than another. However, each computer can be configured to share only some of its resources and keep other resources inaccessible to other nodes on the network.
Term
print services
Definition
The network service that allows printers to be shared by several users on a network.
Term
protocol
Definition
A standard method or format for communication between network devices. Protocols ensure that data are transferred whole, in sequence, and without error from one node on the network to another.
Term
remote access server
Definition
A server that runs communications services that enable remote users to log on to a network. Also known as an access server.
Term
remote user
Definition
A person working on a computer on a different network or in a different geographical location from the LAN’s server.
Term
resources
Definition
The devices, data, and data storage space provided by a computer, whether stand-alone or shared.
Term
restore
Definition
The process of retrieving files from a backup. It is necessary to restore files if the original files are lost or deleted.
Term
scalable
Definition
The property of a network that allows you to add nodes or increase its size easily.
Term
security auditing
Definition
The process of evaluating security measures currently in place on a network and notifying the network administrator if a security breach occurs.
Term
segment
Definition
A part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes that share the same communications channel for all their traffic.
Term
server
Definition
A computer on the network that manages shared resources. Servers usually have more processing power, memory, and hard disk space than clients. They run network operating software that can manage not only data, but also users, groups, security, and applications on the network.
Term
sneakernet
Definition
A way of exchanging data between computers that are not connected on a network. Sneakernet requires that data be copied from a computer to a removable storage device such as a floppy disk, carried (presumably by someone wearing sneakers) to another computer, then copied from the storage device onto the second computer.
Term
soft skills
Definition
The skills such as customer relations, leadership ability, and dependability, which are not easily measured, but are nevertheless important in a networking career.
Term
software distribution
Definition
The process of automatically transferring a data file or installing a software application from the server to a client on the network.
Term
spam
Definition
An unsolicited, unwanted e-mail.
Term
stand-alone computer
Definition
A computer that uses applications and data only from its local disks and that is not connected to a network.
Term
topology
Definition
The physical layout of computers on a network.
Term
traffic
Definition
The data transmission and processing activity taking place on a computer network at any given time.
Term
traffic monitoring
Definition
The process of determining how much data transfer activity is taking place on a network or network segment and notifying administrators when a segment becomes overloaded.
Term
transmission media
Definition
The means through which data are transmitted and received. Transmission media may be physical, such as wire or cable, or atmospheric (wireless), such as radio waves.
Term
unified communications
Definition
The centralized management of multiple types of network-based communications, such as voice, video, fax, and messaging services.
Term
user
Definition
A person who uses a computer.
Term
WAN (wide area network)
Definition
A network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs.
Term
Web server
Definition
A computer that manages Web site services, such as supplying a Web page to multiple users on demand.
Term
workstation
Definition
A computer that runs a desktop operating system and connects to a network.
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