Term
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Definition
AKA Potato Blight
Phytophthora infestans
Thrive under wet and cool conditions
An algae that infects potato crops
1. Leaf lesions expand in cool or moist temps
2. Expand rapidly to form large black rots (blights)
3. Spread thru leaf stem into plant stem
4. Large section of plant rots and plants are eventually killed
Oomycetes, cell wall is cellulose, not fungi, |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterium is Yersinia pestis
One of the most devastating pandemics in history.
Oriental Rat Flea-Bubonic Plague
Kingdome is animalia(Arthropoda insecta)
Gram negative-Rod Shaped
Antibiotics can ure if detected early. Humans are infected by being bitten by a rodent flea carrying plague bacterium. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Bacteria |
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Definition
Unicellular
varius shapes
motile
can grow at temps from -20C to 110C at acidic and basic PH's
Prokaryotes
Do not have DNA enclosed in a nucleus
Bacilli, cocci or spiral
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Binary Fission cell division |
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Term
| Characteristics of Archaea |
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Definition
Prokaryotic
Lacks peptidoglycan
Lives in extreme environments to include:
Methanogens (methane as a waste product from resperation.
Extreme Halophiles (salt loving)
Extreme Thermophiles (heat loving)
Not know to cause disease in humans |
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Term
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Definition
Eukaryotic
Cellulose cell walls (carbohydrates)
Uses photosynthesis for energy
(light, water, carbon dioxide)
Produces molecular oxygen and organic compounds
Produces oxygen and carbohydrates that are then utilized by other organisms including animals
Plays an important role in the balance of nature |
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Term
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Definition
Eukaryotic
Chitin cell walls
Uses organic chemicals for energy
Mold and mushrooms are multicellular consisting of masses of mycelia composed of filaments(hyphae)
Yeasts are unicellular
Cilia is the fastest |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria
Archaea
Eurkarya
(protists, animals, fungi and plants) |
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Term
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Definition
Scientist who proved biogenisis (living organisms arise from pre-existing life.
Pasteurization: appkication of high heat for a short time.
Microbes are responsible for fermentation(conversion of sugar to alcohol for beer and wine)
Swan neck glass that would allow air in, but not microbes (used to prove biogenisis |
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Term
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Definition
| Proved that bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps call Koch's Postulates that are still used today. |
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Term
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Definition
ASSOCIATION:
The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease.
ISOLATION:
Microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in a pure culture
INOCULATION:
Cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
RE-ISOLATION:
Microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated diseased host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pioneer of antiseptic surgery. Introduces antiseptic techniques "The Germ Theory of Disease". Microbes in the air can spoil food and cause animal disease. Joseph Lister used a chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections. Used disinfectant to clean surgical wounds and to control infection in humans. |
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Term
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Definition
All living things or organisms are made up of cell and their products.
New cells are created by old cells that divide in two.
Cells are the basic building units of life |
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Term
| Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek? |
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Definition
The Father of microscopy
The first to observe live microorganisms through magnifying lenses which he referred to as animalcules. He created powerful lenses. |
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Term
| Who is Alexander Fleming? |
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Definition
Discoverd the first antibiotic
observed that pencillium fungas made an antibiotic that he called penicillin that killed S. aureus
Gram postive
Scarlet Fever
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Diptheria
Not used for typhoid Fever because it is Gram negative |
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Term
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Definition
Inoculated a person with cowpox virus who was then protected from smallpox. vaccination comes from the latin word "vacca" meaning cow
The protection is: Immunity
Jenner is considered the Father of Immunology. He saved more lives than any other man. |
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Term
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Definition
A branch of Food Microbiology
AKA: Microbial Biotechnology
The use of microorganisms for the benefit of mankind, e.g. by using them to produce industrially important substances like biopolymers, food, etc. Controls undesirable microorganisms |
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Term
| Environmental Microbiology |
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Definition
| The study of composition and physiology of microbial communities in the environment. Soik, water, air and sediments. Can also include animals and plants. Interaction of microbes with each other. AKA Microbial Ecology |
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Term
| Agricultural Microbiology |
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Definition
Dealing with plant associated microbes and plant and animal diseases.
Also, microbiology of soil fertility i.e. degradation for organic matter and soil nutrient transformations. |
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Term
| Normal Biota (normal flora) |
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Definition
microbes normally present in and on the human body.
saliva
gastrointestinal tract
conjunctiva
oral muscus
deep layer of skin
(Bacteria, fungi and archaea |
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