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| Unique way individual thinks, feels, and acts throughout lifespan. |
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| Value judgments on moral and ethical behavior. |
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Based on Biology!! Genetic and prenatal influences.
component of personality |
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Beginnings with Freud
Role of unconscious |
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Origins in learning theory
focus on environmental influences |
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| Conscious life experiences and choices |
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| Concerned with the characteristics of personality. |
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Founded psychoanalytic movement.
-Believed in layers of consciousness
-Victorian Era
-"Obsession" w/ sexual explanations for abnormal behavior. |
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| The Unconsciousness mind is divided into what three parts? |
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1. Preconscious
2. Conscious
3. Unconscious |
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Information available but not currently conscious
-Super Ego |
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Aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions.
-Ego |
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Thoughts, feelings, and memories not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness.
-Revealed in dreams, slips of the tongue!
-The ID |
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-Present at birth, completely unconscious
-Libido:Instinctual energy, conflict with society's standards.
-Pleasure principle: Immidiate satisfaction, no regard for consequences. |
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Deals with reality; conscious, rational, logical
-Reality principle: Satisfy demands of id when no negative consequences exist. |
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-Moral center; source of pride or guilt
-Ego ideal: Standards for moral behavior |
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| Defense Mechanism: Reaction formation |
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Forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of ones threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts.
Ex: Henry likes this guy but says he is homophobic... |
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| Defense Mechanism: Sublimation |
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Turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior.
Ex: Alain, who is very aggressive, becomes a professional hocky player where it is socially accpable to be agressive. |
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Unresolved conflict in psychosexual stage
-Results in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier. |
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Stages of personality development:
-occurs during first year of life
-Mouth is erogenous zone
-Id dominated stage |
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Stage of personality development
- 1 to 3 years of age
- Toilet training is source of conflict
-Ego develops |
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Stage of personality development:
- 3-6 years of age
- Child discovers sexual feelings
-Superego develops
-Oedipus complex (child develops sexual attraction to opposite-sex partner) |
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Stage of personality development:
-age 6 to puberty
- Sexual feelings of the child are repressed
- Child grows socially, intellectually, physically |
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-Puberty
-Sexual feelings reawaken
-Parents are no longer target of attraction. |
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-De-emphasized freud's focus on biology and sexuality
-Unconscious more complex than suggested by Frued
-Archetypes(Collective human memories) |
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| Who has to do with Basic Anxiety? |
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theory based on social rather than sexual relationships.
-Covers entire lifespan. |
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| Define personality as a set of learned responses or habits. |
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| Environment, personal characteristics, and behavior interact to determine future behavior. |
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-Perception of how effective behavior will be
-Not the same as self-esteem |
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| Who uses the Locus of control?(Degree one assumes to have control or not have control over consequences in life) |
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-Focuses on aspects of personality that make people uniquely human
-Subjective feelings, freedom of choice
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| Roger's Theory of Personality |
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Self-actualizing tendency
"you have all of the answers I just keep you talking."
-Bring real self and ideal self together
-unconditional positive regard. |
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Actual perception of characteristics, traits, abilities
-Forms basis of striving for self-actualization
(Component of self-concept) |
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Perception of what one should or would like to be
(Component of self-concept) |
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Warmth, affection, love, respect
-Comes from significant others in one's life
(Carl Rogers and Self-Concept) |
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| Unconditional positive regard |
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| Regard given without conditions or strings attached |
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| Conditional positive regard |
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Given only when doing what providers of positive regard wish
(Carl Rogers & self-concept) |
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| In touch with and trusting deepest, innermost urges and feelings. |
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| Trait Theories of Personality |
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-Describe characteristics that make up human personality
-Attempt to predict future behavior. |
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Person who developed a list of 200 traits
-Traits are literally wired into nervous system |
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Person who defined traits as surface and source
-Based personality questionnaire on 16 source traits. |
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| Five-Factor model (Big Five) |
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1. Openness
2.Conscientiousness
3. Extraversion
4.Agreeableness
5. Neuroticsm |
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Openness
(Five-Factor model (Big Five)) |
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| Willingness to try new things, open to new experiences |
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Conscientiousness
(Five-Factor model (Big Five)) |
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| Organization, thoughtfulness of others; dependability |
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Extraversion
(Five-Factor model (Big Five)) |
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Refers to need to be with other people
Extravers:Outgoing and sociable
Introvers: Prefer solitude, dislike being the center of attention. |
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Agreeableness
(Five-Factor model (Big Five)) |
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Emotional style range
-Easy going,friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby and unpleasant |
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Neuroticsm
(Five-Factor model (Big Five)) |
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Degree of emotional instability or stability
oceaN |
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Interviewer is affected by first impression
-Subsequent interviews are influenced by this |
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Client projects unconscuous concerns and fears onto ambiguous visual stimuli
-Roschach inkblot test |
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| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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| 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations are visual stimuli |
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| Clinical test, assesses abnormal personality traits. |
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| -The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems. |
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-General Intelligence
-The ability to reason and solve problems. |
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-Specific intelligence
-Ability to excel in certain areas. |
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| He said there are mulitple intelligences |
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| How to measure intelligence |
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| Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test |
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| Single score is what intelligence test? |
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| Wechsler intelligence Test |
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| Three scores is what intelligence test? |
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| Producing consistent results on repeat testing of individuals or groups |
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| degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure |
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Testing large group of people that represents population for whom the test is designed.
(Taks test) |
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| What is the average IQ score? |
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| How well you control your emotions and how much you know about them. |
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