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| a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules |
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| emotions considered to be universal and biologically based; they generally include fear, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust, and contempt |
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| emotions that develop with cognitive maturity and vary across individuals and cultures |
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| the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed |
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| a mood spreading from one person to another, as facial expressions of emotion in the first person generate emotions in the other |
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| a brain structure involved in the arousal and regulation of emotion and the initial emotional response to sensory information |
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| the most forward part of the frontal lobes of the brain |
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| modifying and controlling what we feel |
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| a class of cells, distributed throughout various parts of the brain, that fire when an animal sees or hears an action and carries out the same action on its own; these cells are far more evolved and varied in human beings than in other animals |
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| Polygraph "lie detector" machine |
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Definition
| a machine to measure the emotional arousal of a person who is guilty and fearful of being found out; the person will have increased activity in the autonomic nervous system while responding to incriminating questions: a faster hear rate, increased electrical conductance of the skin |
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| a test for lying that uses a series of multiple-choice questions, each offering one relevant answer about the crime under investigation and several neutral answers, chosen so that an innocent suspect will not be able to discriminate them from the relevant ones |
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| the explanations that people make of their own and other people's behaviours |
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| social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions |
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| expression of an emotion that the person does not really feel, often because of a role requirement |
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| nonverbal signals of the body movement, posture, gesture, and gaze |
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