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Chapter 10
Antimicrobial drugs test 3
51
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/27/2011

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Term
Drugs
Definition
Chemicals that affect the physiology in any manner
Term
Chemotherapeutic agents
Definition
drugs used to treat diseases
Term
Semisynthetics
Definition
chemically modified antibiotics
Term
Synthetics
Definition
completely synthesized in the lab
Term
Antibiotics are produced by what microorganisms?
Definition
bacteria and fungi
Term
Who invented the cure for syphilis and when?
Definition
Paul Ehrlich (1912)
Term
What is the treatment for syphilis?
Definition
Salvarsan
Term
Who invented penicillin?
Definition
Alexander Fleming (1929)
Term
What mold (fungi) does penicillin come from?
Definition
Penicillium chrysogenum
Term
What bacteria causes syphilis?
Definition
Treponema pallidum
Term
Who invented prontosil?
Definition
Gerhard Domagk (1935)
Term
What kind of antibiotic is prontosil?
Definition
Sulfa drug
Term
Who invented tetracycline?
Definition
Benjamin Duggar (1948)
Term
What are the two generas that fungi microorganisms produce into an antimicrobial agent?
Definition
Penicillium and cephalosporium
Term
What are the four generas of microorganisms that produce antimicrobials from bacteria?
Definition
Bacillus, streptomyces, micromonospora, and pseudomonoas
Term
What antimicrobial drug is described: Antimicrobial drug that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria by blocking the initiation of translation and causes the misreading of mRNA?
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
What antimicrobial drug is described: inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria by blocking the attachment of tRNA to the ribosome.
Definition
Tetracyclines
Term
What antimicrobial drug is described: inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria by preventing peptide bonds from being formed?
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Term
What antimicrobial drugs are described: inhibits protein synthesis by preventing the continuation of protein synthesis.
Definition
macrolides and lincosamides
Term
Which antimicrobial drug is described: inhibit protein synthesis by interfering with a distinct step of protein synthesis.
Definition
Streptogramins
Term
Which antimicrobial drug is described: inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by interfering with the initiation of protein synthesis
Definition
oxazolidinones
Term
Which two antimicrobial drugs affect the 30S subunit of ribosomes?
Definition
Aminoglycosides/Tetracyclines
Term
Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, and streptogramins affect which subunit of the ribosome?
Definition
50S
Term
What part of the ribosome contains the enzymatic portion that forms peptide bonds?
Definition
50S
Term
What parts of the ribsome play a role in the initiation of protein synthesis?
Definition
50S and 30S
Term
Humans or eukaryotes have what type of ribosomes and are composed of what subunits?
Definition
80S;60S&40S
Term
What are two examples of antimicrobials that affect metabolism (antimetabolise)?
Definition
sufonamides/trimethoprim
Term
If a microbial affects metabolism it is going to affect _______.
Definition
Enzymes
Term
Antimicrobial drugs that affect metabolism block what pathway?
Definition
Folate
Term
In bacteria, folate does what?
Definition
synthesize nucleotides for DNA & RNA
Term
Sulfonamides are effective they are _______ to _______ which is crucial in the synthesis of nucleotides required for DNA and RNA synthesis.
Definition
analogus;PABA
Term
sulfonamides bind to the enzyme that converts PABA into what? They compete to bind and this decreases production and then causes death
Definition
dihydrofolic acid
Term
The antimicrobial that binds to the enzyme involved in the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to THF.
Definition
Trimethoprim
Term
Cells use ribosomes to translate proteins using information from ______ templates.
Definition
mRNA
Term
Both 30s and 50s play a role in the initiation of protein synthesis, condon recognition, and in the docking of tRNA. Which one contains the enzymatic portion that actually forms the peptide bonds?
Definition
50s
Term
What antimicrobial drugs change the shape of the 30s subunit preventing the ribosome to read condons of mRNA and block the tRNA docking site preventing growth of polypeptide?
Definition
Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines
Term
These drugs: Chloramphenicol, lincosamides, and macrolides deal with which subunit of ribosome?
Definition
50s
Term
Which drug block the enzymatic site of 50s subunit which prevents translation?
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Term
What antimicrobials bind to a different portion of the 50s preventing movement of the ribosome from one codon to the next. Translation is frozen and protein synthesis is halted?
Definition
Macrolides and Lincosamides
Term
What antimicrobial inhibits protein synthesis by stopping protein synthesis by blocking initiation of translation.
Definition
oxazolidinones
Term
These antimicrobials do what?
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin/gentamicin)
Tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
macrolides
lincosamides
(erythromycin/streptograms)
oxazolidinones
Definition
inhibit protein synthesis
Term
These antimicrobials do what?
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Definition
Inhibition of metabolic pathway
Term
__________ drugs are antimetabolic that kill bacteria by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis.
Definition
Sulfa drugs
Term
Polyenes, Azoles, Allyamines,Griseofulvin and Flucytosine are what kind of drugs?
Definition
Antifungal
Term
Which antifungal drugs action is to disrupt the plasma/cytoplasmic membrane?
Definition
polyenes, azoles, allyamines
Term
This type of drug kills fungi because it attaches to ergosterol and in the process distrupts the cell membrane and causes lysis of the cell
Definition
polyenes
Term
This type of drug acts by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol.
Definition
Azoles/allylamine
Term
terbinafine is what kind of antifungal?
Definition
allylamine
Term
What is the antimicrobial that works against bacteria and disrupts the cytoplasmic/plasma membrane?
Definition
polymyxins
Term
What antifungal deactivates tubulin, preventing cytokinesis and segregation of chromosomes during mitosis?
Definition
Griseofulvin
Term
To get rid of ring worm you should use which antifungal?
Definition
Griseofulvin
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