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| an individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and across situations |
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| Personality theories contending that behavior results from psychological forces that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness. |
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| In Freud's theory, all the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware. |
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| the theory of personality Freud developed, as well as the form of therapy he invented. |
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| in Freud's theory of personality, the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression. |
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| According to Freud, the way in which the id seeks immediate gratification of an instinct. |
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| Freud's term for the part of the personality that |
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| According to Freud,the way in which the ego seeks to satisfy instinctual demands safely and effectively in the real world. |
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| According to Freud, the social and parental standards the individual has internalized; the conscious and the ego ideal. |
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| the part of the superego that consists of standards of what one would like to be. |
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| according to Freud, the energy generated by sexual instinct. |
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| According to Freud, a partial or complete halt at some point in the individual's psychosexual development. |
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| First stage in Freud's theory of personality development in which the infant's erotic feelings center on the mouth, lips, and tongue. |
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| Second stage in Freud's theory of personality development in which the child's erotic feelings center on the anus and on elimination. |
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| Third stage in Freud's theory of personality development in which erotic feelings center on the genitals. |
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| Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex |
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| According to Freud, a child's sexual attachment to parents of the opposite sex and jealousy toward the parent of the same sex; generally occurs in the phallic stage. |
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| In Freud's theory of personality development in which the child appears to have no interest in the opposite sex; occurs after the phallic stage. |
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| In Freud's theory of personality development, the final stage of normal adult sexual development, which is usually marked by mature sexuality. |
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| In Jung's theory of personality, one of the two levels of the unconscious; it contains the individual's repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences, and undeveloped ideas. |
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| In Jung's theory of personality, the level of the unconscious that is inherited and common to all members of a species. |
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| In Jung's theory of personality, thought forms common to all human beings, stored in the collective unconscious. |
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| according to Jung, our public self, the mask we wear to represent ourselves to others. |
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| according to Jung, people who usually focus on social life and the external world instead of on their internal experience. |
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| according to Jung, people who usually focus on their own thoughts and feelings. |
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| According to Adler, the person's effort to overcome imagined or real personal weaknesses. |
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| In Adler's theory, the fixation on feelings of personal inferiority that result in emotional or social paralysis. |
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| Horney's term for irrational strategies for coping with emotional problems and minimizing anxiety. |
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| Humanistic Personality Theory |
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| Any personality theory that asserts the fundamental goodness of people and their stirring toward higher levels of functioning. |
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| According to Rodgers, the drive of every organism to fulfill its biological potential and become what it is inherently capable of becoming. |
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| Self-Actualizing Tendency |
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| According to Rodgers, the drive of human beings to fulfill their self concepts or the images they have with themselves. |
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| According to Rodgers, an individual whose self concepts closely resemble his or her inborn capacities or potentials. |
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| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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| In Rodger's theory, the full acceptance and love of another person regardless of his or her behavior. |
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| Conditional Positive Regard |
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| In Rodger's theory, acceptance and love that are dependent on another's behaving in certain ways and on fulfilling certain conditions. |
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| Dimensions or characteristics on which people differ in distinctive ways. |
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| A statistical technique that identifies groups of related objects; it was used by Cattell to identify clusters of traits. |
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| five traitsor basic dimensions currently considered to be of central importance in describing personality. |
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| Cognitive-Social Learning Theories |
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| Personality theories that view behavior as the product of interaction of cognitions, learning, and past experiences and the immediate environment. |
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| In Bandura's view, what a person anticipates in a situationor as a result of behaving in certain ways |
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| In Bandura's theory, standards that people developto rate the adequacy of their own behavior in a variety of situations. |
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| According to Bandura, the expectancy that one's efforts will be successful. |
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| According to Rotter, an expactancy about whether reinforcement is under internal or external control. |
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