Term
| Caste System: ascribed stratification |
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Definition
| A relatively rigid stratification system in which people's positions are ascribed and fixed |
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Term
| Class System (achieved stratification): |
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Definition
| a relatively open stratification system in which people’s positions are achieved and changeable (p. 225) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement from one job to another within the same status category (p. 237) |
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Term
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Definition
| moving up or down the status ladder (p. 237) |
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Term
| Intergenerational Mobility: |
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Definition
| a change in social standing from one generation to the next (p. 237) |
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Term
| Intragenerational Mobility: |
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Definition
| a change in an individual’s social standing throught their life(p. 237) |
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Term
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Definition
| the changing relationship between economic development and social inequality, named after its discoverer, Simon Kuznets (p. 225) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will (p. 221) |
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Term
| Power Elite (C. Wright Mills): |
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Definition
| a small group of individuals who hold top positions in the federal government, military, and corporations and have similar backgrounds, values, and interests (p. 221) |
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Term
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Definition
| a category if people who have about the same amount of income, power, and prestige (p. 227) |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of society in such a way that some people get more rewards than others (p. 220) |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition in which the same individual is given two conflicting status rankings (p. 223) |
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Term
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Definition
| social mobility related to changes in society (p. 238) |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden downward mobility (class notes 1/6/09) |
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Term
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Definition
| being excluded from mainstream society |
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Term
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Definition
| the likelihood of living a good, long, or successful life in society (p. 229) |
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Term
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Definition
| typically hunter-gathering societies; communist societies; societies that lack ways to accumulate wealth (p. 223) |
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Term
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Definition
| people are held in servitude as someone else’s property; slavery (p. 223) |
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Term
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Definition
| was common in agrarian societies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America; two groups – administrators (nobles, royalty, landlords, lords) and laborers (serfs, workers, peasants) (p. 223-224) |
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Term
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Definition
| people’s positions are ascribed and fixed; children are born into a certain class and cannot change out of it (p. 224) |
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Term
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Definition
| value of all your “stuff” minus your debts |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to make others do what you want; Power Elite (small group of individuals who are connected with the Gov’t and military to get legislature passed |
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Term
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Definition
| your reputation, how others view you, “esteem” |
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Term
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Definition
| the lack of minimum food and shelter necessary for maintaining life (p. 230) |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of deprivation resulting from having less than what the majority of the people have (p. 231) |
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Term
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Definition
| a huge number of women bearing the burden of poverty, mostly as single mothers or head of families (p. 231) |
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Term
| “Blame the Poor Hypothesis”: |
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Definition
| the poor are believed to have failed to grab the opportunities by not working hard (p.232) |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of commercial and other relationships among all the members of the world’s community (p. 248) |
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Term
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Definition
| the world’s upper class, the most industrialized and richest societies popularly known as industrialized or developed countries (p. 248) |
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Term
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Definition
| the world’s lower class, relatively poor societies popularly known as developing countries (p. 248) |
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Term
| Semi-Peripheral Countries: |
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Definition
| the world’s middle class, relatively affluent societies in the middle of global stratification also known as newly industrialized countries (p. 249) |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that cultural values of discipline, thrift, education, the family, and group orientation contribute to economic success (p. 262) |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that contact with rich nations can enrich poor ones but lack of contact keeps them poor (p. 260) |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of numerous factory jobs as a result of relocation a massive number of manufacturing plants to peripheral countries (p. 251) |
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Term
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Definition
| the proliferation of unstable, low-skilled, or low-paying jobs (p. 251) |
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Term
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Definition
| the economic control exercised by rich nations over their former colonies (p. 261) |
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Term
| 3 Reasons for Upward Mobility for Some Nations: |
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Definition
• unrestricted trade
• culture
• influx of enterprising immigrants |
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Term
| 4 Reasons for Downward Mobility for Many Countries: |
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Definition
• rapid population growth
• drop in commodity prices
• lack of loans from wealthy countries
• lack of aid programs |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of society so that some people get more rewards than others |
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Term
| Education and occupation determines what three things in social stratification? |
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Definition
Wealth: value of all your “stuff” minus your debts
Power: ability to make others do what you want; Power Elite (small group of individuals who are connected with the Gov’t and military to get legislature passed
Prestige: your reputation, how others view you, “esteem” |
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Term
| Intergenerational Mobility: |
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Definition
| how your family has progressed (or digressed) over its existence |
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Term
| Intragenerational Mobility: |
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Definition
| how you progress (or digress) over your life |
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Term
| Reputational Method (determining social class): |
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Definition
| ask people what the reputation is of other people (breaks down in large communities) |
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Term
| Subjective Method (determining social class): |
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Definition
| interpretation of yourself |
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Term
| Objective Method (determining social class): |
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Definition
| using income, assets, etc… |
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Term
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Definition
| a hierarchical system of countries that can be categorized according to wealth and mobility. |
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Term
| Basic Patterns in social stratification (four key factors): |
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Definition
1.Core countries exploit resources of peripherals (labor and raw materials) so peripherals stay poor (Pop increases greater than the GDP; IMF and World Bank with high interest rates)
2.Core countries lose upperclass status if they deindustrialize too much. Re“industrializated” jobs pay very little
3.Peripheral countries can rise to semi-peripherals if they build factories, improve roads, ports, etc with foreign investments
4.Semiperipherals if they
•adopt advanced technologies
•find large affluent markets for their products |
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Term
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Definition
Top 20% of countries control 85% of global income/wealth
Rich live longer, enjoying very high standards of living and “life chances”
Most of world’s poor are in ASIA, AFRICA, & LATIN AMERICA
•Sub Saharan Africa has 18 of the world’s 20 poorest countries |
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Term
| Women (esp. in poor countries): |
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Definition
Face cultural, political, economic disadvantages (only 50% literate in southern Asia)
42% less likely to be employed; even then they are paid much less (micro banks = tiny loans given to women; enormously successful!) |
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