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Chap. 3
key terms
43
Chemistry
Undergraduate 4
04/18/2008

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Term
amorphous
Definition

soild matter that has atoms or molecules that d/n have long range order

 

 

 

 

 

                                  pg.55

Term
atoms
Definition

tiny particles too small to see

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                          pg.54

Term
calorie (cal)
Definition

the ammount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree C.

 

 

 

 

 

                                                              pg. 65

Term
Calorie (Cal)
Definition

equal to 1000 cal

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                          pg.65

Term
Celsius scale
Definition

scale often used by scientists. h2o freezes at 0 C and boils at 100 C

 

 

 

 

 

                        pg.68

Term
chemical change
Definition

matter does change it's composition

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                          pg.60

Term
chemical energy
Definition

energy associated with potential chemical changes that can move or heat other objects

 

 

 

 

 

                                       pg.65

Term
chemical properties
Definition

those that a substance displays only through changing it's compostion

 

 

 

 

 

pg.59

Term
chemical reaction
Definition

the process by which one or more substances transform into differnt substances via a chemical change. often they omit or absorb energy

 

 

 

 

pg.

Term
compound
Definition

a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions

 

 

 

 

 

pg.57

Term
compressible
Definition

pushing more atoms and molecules into the same space

 

 

 

 

 

                                          pg.56

Term
crystalline
Definition

solid matter in which case it's atoms or molecules arrange in geometric patterns w/ long range, repeating order

 

 

 

 

pg.55

Term
decanting
Definition

carefully pouring off

 

 

 

 

 

 

 pg.63

Term
distillation
Definition

a process in which the mixture is heated to boil off more volatile liquid

 

 

 

 

 

pg.63

Term
electrical energy
Definition

energy associated w/ the flow of electrical charge

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.65

Term
element
Definition

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

 

 

 

 

 

pg.56

Term
endothermic
Definition

chemical reactions that absorb energy from their surroundings as they occur

 

 

 

 

 

pg.67

Term
exothermic
Definition

chemical reactions that release energy

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.

Term
Fahrenheit scale
Definition

used in the U.S. h2o freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees

 

 

 

 

 

pg

Term
filtration
Definition

a method used to seperate a solid and a liquid mixture by pouring mixture through filter paper into a funnel

 

 

 

 

pg.63

Term
gas
Definition

free to move relative to one another, indefinite shape and volume and compressible

 

 

 

 

 

pg.56

Term
heat capacity
Definition

is the quantity of thermal energy required to change the temp of a given substance by 1 degree Celsius

 

 

 

 

pg. 71

Term
heterogeneous mixture
Definition

ex: oil and h2o

the composition varies from one region to another

 

 

 

 

 

pg58

Term
homogeneous mixture
Definition

have uniform compositions the atoms and molecules mix uniformly

 

 

 

 

 

pg.58

Term
kelvin scale
Definition

avoids negative temperature by assigning 0 Kelvin to the coldest temp. possible

 

 

 

 

 

pg.68

Term
kilowatt
Definition

3.60 x 10^6 joules.

used in electric bills

 

 

 

 

 

pg.65

Term
kinetic energy
Definition

energy associated with its motion

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg. 65

Term
law of conservation od energy
Definition

energy can neither be created nor destroyed

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.65

Term
liquid
Definition

free to move relative to one another. Atoms close together. Shape indefinite, volume definite and liquid is imcompressible

 

 

 

 

pg.56

Term
matter
Definition

anything that occupies space and hass mass

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.53

Term
mixture
Definition

two or more differnt types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions

 

 

 

 

 

pg. 56

Term
molecules
Definition

two or more atoms joined together by bonds

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.54

Term
physical change
Definition

matter changes its appearance not it's composition

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.60

Term
physical properties
Definition

those that a substance displays w/out changing its composition

 

 

 

 

 

pg.59

Term
potential energy
Definition

energy associated with position

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.65

Term
products
Definition

substances that present after the chemical reaction

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.60

Term
properties
Definition

characteristics used to distinguish one substance from another

 

 

 

 

 

pg.59

Term
pure substance
Definition

composed of only one type of molecule or atom

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg56

Term
reactants
Definition

substances present before the chemical change in a chemical reaction

 

 

 

 

 

pg.60

Term
solid
Definition

oscillates/ vibration about a fixed point

 

 

 

 

 

pg.56

Term
specific heat capacity
Definition

the heat capacity of a substance in joules per gram degree celsius

 

 

 

 

 

pg.71

Term
state of matter
Definition

solid, liquid, gas

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.54

Term
volatile
Definition

easily vaporizable

 

 

 

 

 

 

pg.63

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