Term
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Definition
| all chemical processes in the body |
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Term
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Definition
- Synthesis rxn (forms chem. bonds)
- Combine small molecules to large ones
- Req. energy- endergonic
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Term
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Definition
- Breakdown rxns (break bonds)
- Break large molecules in ≥ 2 small ones
- Release energy- exergonic
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Term
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Definition
- ATP
- Involved in energy transfer in the body
- Moving energy frm exergonic rxn to energonic ones
- ATP<-->ADP + P + E
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Term
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Definition
- Part of catabolism
- Remove an electron (H) from a molecule
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Term
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Definition
- Part of catabolism
- Add an electron (H) to a molecule
- "To reduce you add"
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Term
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 36-38ATP |
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Term
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Definition
- Glucose to pyruvic acid
- Occurs in the cytoplasm
- Few steps
- Few ATP created
- Doesn't require O2
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
- Occurs in mitochondria
- Electron transport chain- many steps
- Molecules in chain= coenzymes
- Many ATP created (32-34)
- Requires O2
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Term
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Definition
- Glucose
- Catabolism- C6H12O6--> 6CO2 + 6H2O
- Glycolysis- Glucose-> Pyruvic Acid + 2ATP
- Kerbs Cycle- Pyruvate-> CO2 + NADH+ FADH2 + 2ATP
- Anabolism
- Glycogenesis- Glucose-> Glycogen (stored in the liver)
- Glcogenolysis- Glycogen-> Glucose (released into the BLstream)
- Ctrl by Glycagon (in Pancreas)
- Gluconeogenesis- conversion of amino acids or glycerol-> Glucose
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Term
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Definition
- Catabolic rxn
- Lypolysis- Triglycerides (adipose tissues) -> Fatty Acids & Glycerol
- Gluconeogensis- Glycerol->Glucose
- Glucose then broken down by carb. pathway
- Beta Oxidation- Fatty Acids -> Acety CoE A
- Anabolic Rxns
- Lipogensis- synthesis (make) of triglcerides (TG) for storage in adipose tissues
- Glycerol + Fatty Acids-> TG
- Excess Glucose or Amino Acids-> TG
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Term
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Definition
- Chains of Amino Acids
- Catabolic
- Gluconeogensis- Amino Acids(R group) -> Pyruvate
- Pyruvate then brokendown thru carbs pathway
- Removal of amine (NH2) group
- Allows entry into Kerbs Cycle
- Removal of carboxyl (-COOH) group
- Allows entry into Kerbs cycle
- Anabolism
- Amino Acids strug together to form proteins
- Primary, 2ndary struc., ...
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Term
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Definition
| organic molecules (contains carbon) |
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Term
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Definition
- can be stored in body (in adipose tissue)
- Vit. A,D,E,K
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Term
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Definition
- maintains gen. health & vigor of epitheal cells
- fat-soluble
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Term
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Definition
- Fat-soluble
- Essential for absorpt. of Ca2+ & phosphorus frm GI tract
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Term
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Definition
- Fat-soluble
- Inhibits catabolism of certain fatty acids that help form cell struc., esp. membr.
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Term
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Definition
- Fat-soluble
- CoE essential for synthesis of several clotting factors by liver
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Term
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Definition
- can't be stored, must be replished daily
- Vit B12, C, Folic Acid
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Term
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Definition
- Water-soluble
- CoE necessary for RBC formation
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Term
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Definition
- Promotes protein synthesis, including laying down of collagen in formation of CT
- Water-soluble
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Term
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Definition
- Water-soluble
- Components of enzyme sys. sythesizing nitrogenous bases of DNA & RNA
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic molecules(no carbon) |
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Term
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Definition
- Minerals dissolved in body fluid
- Sodium
- Copper
- Selenuim
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Term
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Definition
- Electrolyte
- Strongly affect distribution of water thru osmosis
- Part of bicarbonate buffer sys.
- Function in AP conduction
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Term
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Definition
- Electrolyte
- Req. w/ iron for synthesis of hemoglobin
- Metanin formation
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Term
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Definition
- Electrolyte
- Synthesis of thyroid hormone, sperm motility, functional immune sys.
- Antioxidant
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Term
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Definition
| describe types of metaboli rxns occuring at particular times in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| by-product of catabolism (~57% of energy lost as heat) |
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Term
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Definition
- amt of heat produced
- measurment of body heat
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Term
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Definition
- Rate of heat production (# of calories burned per unit time)
- Measurement of body temp.
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Term
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Definition
- Min. resting metabolic rate
- Measured via
- Oxygen consumption
- Body Temp.
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Term
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Definition
| pre-optic area of hypothalmus |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-20% above normal body weight |
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Term
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Definition
- Caused by overeating
- Usually in adults
- Fat cells inc. in size
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Term
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Definition
- Due to a genetic mutation
- Present in children
- Fat cells inc. in #
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Term
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Definition
- Juvenile-onset (Type 1)
- due genetic mutation
- Islet cells don't prod. insulin
- Can't perform anabolic rxn
- Adult-onset (Type 2)
- may be assoc. w/ hypertrophic obesity
- Insulin secretion is normal
- Insulin receptors desentized
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Term
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Definition
- Genetic condition
- Leads to intellectual impairment
- Can't break-down amino acid- phenylalanine
- Treatment: limit intake of phenylalanine
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Term
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Definition
- Due to genetic mutation
- Exocrine glands (pancreas) blocked by mucous
- No pancreatic jucie to intestines
- No digest. or absorp. of fats
- No access to fat-soluble vit. ADEK
- Mucous in respiratory tract
- Ctrlled by ingestion of need enzymes to break down food
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